Language System

Question 1

In 98% of people, language is lateralized to the

Answer 1

Left hemisphere

Question 2

In ALL people, language is localized to the

Answer 2

Perisylvian language area

Question 3

The perisylvian language area is called the

Answer 3

Language core

Question 4

In neonates, speech preferentially activates the

Answer 4

Left hemisphere

Question 5

Partial or total loss of the ability to articulate ideas and to comprehend spoken and written language, resulting from damage to the brain

Answer 5

Aphasia

Question 6

An acquired disorder in which the language system is essentially broken

Answer 6

Aphasia

Question 7

If a patient can;t understand spoken word but can read as well as before, does the patient have Aphasia?

Answer 7

No. Language system is in tact. The issue lies elsewhere

Question 8

If a patient can’t articulate through speech, but can write as well as before. Does the patient have aphasia?

Answer 8

No. Language system is in tact. The issue lies elsewhere

Question 9

Compromised from the onset of a stroke and is the last attribute to recover

Answer 9

The ability to name objects

Question 10

What are the two types of aphasia where patients have a larger difficulty with output?

Answer 10

Broca’s aphasia, and transcortical motor aphasia

Question 11

What are the 4 types of aphasia where the patient has a larger difficulty with input?

Answer 11

1. ) Wernicke’s aphasia
2. ) Transcortical sensory aphasia
3. ) Conduction aphasia
4. ) Anomic Aphasia

Question 12

Most aphasics have damage to the area surrounding the

-In dominant hemisphere

Answer 12

Sylvian Fissure

Question 13

Lesions to the frontal lobe/insula cause

Answer 13

Non-fluent aphasia

Question 14

Lesions to the temporal/parietal lobe cause?

Answer 14

Fluent aphasia

Question 15

Most aphasias are due to

Answer 15

Vascular accidents

Question 16

Which blood vessel perfuses the Perisylvian area?

Answer 16

MCA

Question 17

The MCA forms major branches. Which areas are supplied by the

1. ) Superior branch
2. ) Inferior branch

Answer 17

1. ) Insula + Frontal Lobe

2. ) Temporal Lobe

Question 18

We can test the language core by asking a patient to repeat a low frequency statement. If the core is damaged, alternate routes are available, but take to long. This means that the

Answer 18

Ability to repeat is compromised

Question 19

The area of damage shared by LeBourgne and LeLong is now known as

Answer 19

Broca’s Area

Question 20

Broca is the person that said that the faculty of articulated language resides in the

Answer 20

Frontal lobes of the brain

Question 21

The general name for expressive (non-fluent) aphasia

Answer 21

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 22

Patients with damage just to Broca’s area (called Little Broca’s) have an aphasia for

Answer 22

Less than 12 months

-show near 100% recovery

Question 23

More extensive frontal lobe damage (Big Broca’s) results in

Answer 23

Life long Broca’s Aphasia

-More limited recovery

Question 24

In person’s exhibiting long term Broca’s Aphasia, it is very common for them to have also suffered damage to the

Answer 24

Insula

Question 25

Characterized by labored, halting speech, naming difficulties, and paraphasic errors

-Comprehension is relatively well preserved

Answer 25

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 26

The primary auditory cortex is buried in the

Answer 26

Sylvian Fissure

Question 27

The posterior 1/2 of the secondary auditory cortex is called

Answer 27

Wernicke’s area

Question 28

Carl Wernicke was the first to describe

Answer 28

Fluent Aphasia

Question 29

Patient is fluent and highly talkative but comprehension is very poor and has difficulty following commans

Answer 29

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 30

Patient has speech that is unintelligible and is unaware of deficits

Answer 30

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 31

Disrupts communication between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area

-Repetition ability is compromised

Answer 31

Conduction aphasia

Question 32

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area are undamaged so comprehension is largely intact and patient is mostly fluent

Answer 32

Conduction aphasia

Question 33

In conduction aphasia, language skills that rely on speed are

Answer 33

Impacted

Question 34

Patient loses the ability to self correct sentences before uttered with

Answer 34

Conduction Aphasia

Question 35

Patients make paraphasic error (substitute related wors) then go through multiple iterations until they correct the error with

Answer 35

Conduction Aphasia

Question 36

Caused by damage outside of the Perisylvian Language Area

-Usually involves watershed areas of the cortex

Answer 36

Transcortical Aphasia

Question 37

Transcortical motor aphasia presents like

Answer 37

Broca’s

Question 38

Transcortical sensory aphasia presents like

Answer 38

Wernicke’s

Question 39

The Perisylvian core and thus repetition is spared with

Answer 39

Transcortical aphasia

Question 40

Patients do not recognize the emotional content of speech with lesions to the

Answer 40

Right Hemisphere

Question 41

With damage to the right hemisphere, speech is like a

Answer 41

Text message

Question 42

Patients with damage to the right hemisphere have difficulty determining

Answer 42

When they are being lied to

Question 43

Damage to the inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere (Broca’s equivalent) causes

Answer 43

Monotonic speech (Prosody deficits)