The Sense of Hearing

Question 1

Aminoglycosidic antibiotics such as streptomycin and gentamicin and salicylates are ototoxins that can cause

Answer 1

Hearing loss

Question 2

Neural crest migration failure that causes hearing loss

Answer 2

Waardenberg syndrome

Question 3

Age related hearing loss

Answer 3

Presbycusis

Question 4

May involve the peripheral apparatus, the 8th nerve or lesions to the central auditory pathway

Answer 4

Hearing loss

Question 5

Sound is a

Answer 5

Pressure wave

Question 6

The conductive apparatus transforms sound pressure waves into

Answer 6

Mechanical Vibrations

Question 7

The conductive apparatus is made up of the

Answer 7

External auditory meatuss, tympanic membrane, and the ossicles

Question 8

Amplify the force at the oval window

Answer 8

Ossicles

Question 9

Compensate for the difference in impedance between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear

Answer 9

The ossicles

Question 10

The ossicles cause a gain of

Answer 10

25-30 db

Question 11

What are two forms of hearing loss due to problems with the ossicles?

Answer 11

Otosclerosis and cholesteratoma

Question 12

The footplate of the stapes gets locked in place as a result of bone growth around the annular ligament

Answer 12

Otosclerosis

Question 13

Non-cancerous growth in the middle ear, may start a cyst. Leads to destruction of the ossicles

Answer 13

Cholesteatoma

Question 14

Supposed to detect hearing loss due to problems with the conduction apparatus. Test compares air and bone conduction hearing

Answer 14

Renne’s Test

Question 15

A 512 Hz tuning fork is softly struck and vibrating tuning fork is the placed at base of the mastoid bone. Ask patient to indicate when the sound is no longer heard. When sound is no longer heard, immediately move the tuning fork to the auditory canal (about 2 cm away from its opening)

Answer 15

Renne’s Test

Question 16

Designed to distinguish between sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. It is probably better for detecting sensorineural hearing impairment than Rinne’s test

Answer 16

Wever’s Test

Question 17

With a Weber’s test. the sound appears to be louder on the side of the affected ear if there is

Answer 17

Conductive hearing loss

Question 18

With a Weber’s test, the sound appears to be louder on the side of the unaffected ear with a

Answer 18

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 19

Located in the scala media and contains the sensory apparatus

Answer 19

Organ of Corti

Question 20

A neural crest migration disorder characterized by deafness, and pigment cell deficiencies

Answer 20

Waardenberg syndrome

Question 21

Waardenberg syndrome is characterized by a a lack of

Answer 21

Iris pigment

Question 22

Pigment cell loss also leads to the absence of

Answer 22

Hair cells

Question 23

In Waardenberg syndrome, there is a lack of intermediate cells in the stria vascularis of the

Answer 23

Inner ear

Question 24

Hair cells located in the organ of Corti

Answer 24

Hair cells

Question 25

Has inner and outer rows of hair cells

Answer 25

Organ of Corti

Question 26

Stereocilia of outer hair cells are embedded in the -Inner hair cells are not

Answer 26

Tectorial Membrane

Question 27

Have clusters of stereocilia at their apical end, ordered in size places

Answer 27

Auditory hair cells

Question 28

The kinociliumis lost during development and is replaced by a

Answer 28

Basal body

Question 29

Bending the stereocilia towards the basal body leads to

Answer 29

Depolarization

Question 30

Traveling waves initiate

Answer 30

Auditory transduction

Question 31

Upward deflection of the basilar membrane results in

Answer 31

Depolarization

Question 32

Downward deflection of the basilar membrane results in

Answer 32

Hyperpolarization

Question 33

Excessively loud sound will damage and kill

Answer 33

Hair cells

Question 34

Which hair cells detect sound?

Answer 34

Inner hair cells

Question 35

Participate in the amplifying and dampening of the sound stimulus

Answer 35

Outer hair cells

Question 36

Have motor functions

Answer 36

Outer hair cells

Question 37

Inner and outer hair cells are innervated by different

Answer 37

Efferents

Question 38

Different regions of the basilar membrane are selectively responsive to different

Answer 38

Frequencies of sound

Question 39

The basilar membrane is stiff near the

Answer 39

Oval window

Question 40

The basilar membrane is flexible near the

Answer 40

Apex

Question 41

The basilar membrane is stiff near the oval window. This is the

Answer 41

High frequency region

Question 42

The basilar membrane is flexible near the apex. This is the

Answer 42

Low frequency region

Question 43

The cochlea is innervated by fibers of the

Answer 43

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 44

Bipolar cells which has cell bodies residing in the spiral ganglion innervate the

Answer 44

Coclear hair cells

Question 45

90% of the 33,000 bipolar cells innervate the

Answer 45

Inner hair cells

Question 46

Louder sounds recruit more

Answer 46

Sensory afferents

Question 47

The remaining 10% of the spiral ganglion cells innervate all of the

Answer 47

Outer hair cells

Question 48

Outer hair cells are also innervated directly by

Answer 48

Efferent fibers

Question 49

Inner hair cells have 10 private primary

Answer 49

Sensory afferents

Question 50

Share sensory afferents

Answer 50

Outer hair cells

Question 51

Since the ears occupy different points in space, sound coming from the right arrives at the right ear before the left ear due to the

Answer 51

Medial superior olivary nucleus

Question 52

The head acts as a baffle. Sound coming from the right is more intense on the right due to the

Answer 52

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

Question 53

Which type of sound works best for time differences in hearing?

Answer 53

Low frequency

Question 54

Which type of sound works best for intensity differences in hearing?

Answer 54

High frequency sound

Question 55

Each cochlea is bilaterally represented in the

Answer 55

Central auditory pathways

Question 56

The central auditory pathways preserve both time and frequency information for

Answer 56

Spatial localization and pitch discrimination

Question 57

Is NOT seen with lesions central to the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem

Answer 57

Unilateral deafness -Would be bilateral

Question 58

Located on the superior temporal gyrus (transvers gyrus of Heschel)

Answer 58

Auditory Cortex

Question 59

Has suppression and summation columns

Answer 59

Auditory Cortex

Question 60

Unilateral lesions of the auditory cortex primarily affect

Answer 60

Special localization

Question 61

The auditory cortex is organized

Answer 61

Tonotopically