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NBB Test 2 > The Sense of Hearing > Flashcards

The Sense of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosidic antibiotics such as streptomycin and gentamicin and salicylates are ototoxins that can cause

A

Hearing loss

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2
Q

Neural crest migration failure that causes hearing loss

A

Waardenberg syndrome

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3
Q

Age related hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

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4
Q

May involve the peripheral apparatus, the 8th nerve or lesions to the central auditory pathway

A

Hearing loss

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5
Q

Sound is a

A

Pressure wave

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6
Q

The conductive apparatus transforms sound pressure waves into

A

Mechanical Vibrations

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7
Q

The conductive apparatus is made up of the

A

External auditory meatuss, tympanic membrane, and the ossicles

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8
Q

Amplify the force at the oval window

A

Ossicles

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9
Q

Compensate for the difference in impedance between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear

A

The ossicles

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10
Q

The ossicles cause a gain of

A

25-30 db

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11
Q

What are two forms of hearing loss due to problems with the ossicles?

A

Otosclerosis and cholesteratoma

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12
Q

The footplate of the stapes gets locked in place as a result of bone growth around the annular ligament

A

Otosclerosis

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13
Q

Non-cancerous growth in the middle ear, may start a cyst. Leads to destruction of the ossicles

A

Cholesteatoma

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14
Q

Supposed to detect hearing loss due to problems with the conduction apparatus. Test compares air and bone conduction hearing

A

Renne’s Test

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15
Q

A 512 Hz tuning fork is softly struck and vibrating tuning fork is the placed at base of the mastoid bone. Ask patient to indicate when the sound is no longer heard. When sound is no longer heard, immediately move the tuning fork to the auditory canal (about 2 cm away from its opening)

A

Renne’s Test

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16
Q

Designed to distinguish between sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. It is probably better for detecting sensorineural hearing impairment than Rinne’s test

A

Wever’s Test

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17
Q

With a Weber’s test. the sound appears to be louder on the side of the affected ear if there is

A

Conductive hearing loss

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18
Q

With a Weber’s test, the sound appears to be louder on the side of the unaffected ear with a

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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19
Q

Located in the scala media and contains the sensory apparatus

A

Organ of Corti

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20
Q

A neural crest migration disorder characterized by deafness, and pigment cell deficiencies

A

Waardenberg syndrome

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21
Q

Waardenberg syndrome is characterized by a a lack of

A

Iris pigment

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22
Q

Pigment cell loss also leads to the absence of

A

Hair cells

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23
Q

In Waardenberg syndrome, there is a lack of intermediate cells in the stria vascularis of the

A

Inner ear

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24
Q

Hair cells located in the organ of Corti

A

Hair cells

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25
Q

Has inner and outer rows of hair cells

A

Organ of Corti

26
Q

Stereocilia of outer hair cells are embedded in the

-Inner hair cells are not

A

Tectorial Membrane

27
Q

Have clusters of stereocilia at their apical end, ordered in size places

A

Auditory hair cells

28
Q

The kinociliumis lost during development and is replaced by a

A

Basal body

29
Q

Bending the stereocilia towards the basal body leads to

A

Depolarization

30
Q

Traveling waves initiate

A

Auditory transduction

31
Q

Upward deflection of the basilar membrane results in

A

Depolarization

32
Q

Downward deflection of the basilar membrane results in

A

Hyperpolarization

33
Q

Excessively loud sound will damage and kill

A

Hair cells

34
Q

Which hair cells detect sound?

A

Inner hair cells

35
Q

Participate in the amplifying and dampening of the sound stimulus

A

Outer hair cells

36
Q

Have motor functions

A

Outer hair cells

37
Q

Inner and outer hair cells are innervated by different

A

Efferents

38
Q

Different regions of the basilar membrane are selectively responsive to different

A

Frequencies of sound

39
Q

The basilar membrane is stiff near the

A

Oval window

40
Q

The basilar membrane is flexible near the

A

Apex

41
Q

The basilar membrane is stiff near the oval window. This is the

A

High frequency region

42
Q

The basilar membrane is flexible near the apex. This is the

A

Low frequency region

43
Q

The cochlea is innervated by fibers of the

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

44
Q

Bipolar cells which has cell bodies residing in the spiral ganglion innervate the

A

Coclear hair cells

45
Q

90% of the 33,000 bipolar cells innervate the

A

Inner hair cells

46
Q

Louder sounds recruit more

A

Sensory afferents

47
Q

The remaining 10% of the spiral ganglion cells innervate all of the

A

Outer hair cells

48
Q

Outer hair cells are also innervated directly by

A

Efferent fibers

49
Q

Inner hair cells have 10 private primary

A

Sensory afferents

50
Q

Share sensory afferents

A

Outer hair cells

51
Q

Since the ears occupy different points in space, sound coming from the right arrives at the right ear before the left ear due to the

A

Medial superior olivary nucleus

52
Q

The head acts as a baffle. Sound coming from the right is more intense on the right due to the

A

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

53
Q

Which type of sound works best for time differences in hearing?

A

Low frequency

54
Q

Which type of sound works best for intensity differences in hearing?

A

High frequency sound

55
Q

Each cochlea is bilaterally represented in the

A

Central auditory pathways

56
Q

The central auditory pathways preserve both time and frequency information for

A

Spatial localization and pitch discrimination

57
Q

Is NOT seen with lesions central to the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem

A

Unilateral deafness

-Would be bilateral

58
Q

Located on the superior temporal gyrus (transvers gyrus of Heschel)

A

Auditory Cortex

59
Q

Has suppression and summation columns

A

Auditory Cortex

60
Q

Unilateral lesions of the auditory cortex primarily affect

A

Special localization

61
Q

The auditory cortex is organized

A

Tonotopically

NBB Test 2 (33 decks)

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