Set 27 Flashcards
(30 cards)
NTFS Permissions
Access controls used by the NTFS file system to define what users and groups can do with files and folders—such as read, write, modify, and full control. These permissions enhance security and access management.
NVIDIA Corporation
A leading manufacturer of graphics processing units (GPUs) and related technologies, widely used in gaming, AI, scientific computing, and professional graphics workstations.
NVMe
(Non-Volatile Memory Express). A high-speed storage protocol designed for SSDs that connect via PCIe. It offers much faster data access and lower latency compared to older protocols like SATA.
Object
In computing, an object is a self-contained unit of data and functions. In OS or file systems, it could refer to files, processes, or devices that can be managed through permissions or policies.
Ohm
The unit of electrical resistance. It measures how much a material resists the flow of electric current. Used in diagnosing circuit and cable integrity with tools like a multimeter.
OLED
(Organic Light-Emitting Diode). A display technology where each pixel emits its own light. Offers deep blacks, high contrast ratios, and faster response times compared to LCD. Common in high-end TVs, smartphones, and laptops.
On-Path Attack (formerly Man-in-the-Middle)
A cyberattack where the attacker intercepts and possibly alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. Often used to steal credentials or inject malicious content.
OS
(Operating System). The fundamental software that manages hardware resources and provides a platform for applications to run (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux, Android).
Optical Disc/Media
A storage medium that uses laser technology to read/write data. Examples include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays. Often used for media, backups, or software installation.
Optical Drive
A hardware device that reads/writes optical discs using a laser. Becoming less common due to cloud storage and USB-based solutions.
ONT
(Optical Network Terminal). A device that converts fiber optic signals from an ISP into Ethernet for home or business networks. It’s used in fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) services.
Optimization
Improving system performance through methods like defragmenting drives, cleaning temporary files, or adjusting settings for faster operation and better efficiency.
Overclocking
The process of increasing a component’s clock speed beyond factory settings (usually the CPU or GPU) to gain more performance. Increases heat output and power consumption, and may void warranties.
Overloaded Network
A network experiencing more traffic than it can handle, leading to slow speeds, dropped packets, and timeouts. Can result from poor design, too many devices, or malware.
Owner (File/Folder)
The user account that created or has control over a file or folder. The owner can change permissions, transfer ownership, or delete the file.
Ownership Permission
In file systems like NTFS, the owner of a file or folder has the authority to change permissions, delete the file, or transfer ownership. Ownership is often assigned to the user who creates the file by default.
PaaS
(Platform as a Service). A cloud computing model that provides a platform and environment for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure. Example: Microsoft Azure App Services.
Packet
A formatted unit of data sent across a network. It includes a header (with source, destination, and control info) and a payload (actual data). Packets are reassembled at the destination.
Page File (Paging File)
A portion of the hard drive that Windows uses as virtual memory when the physical RAM is full. Helps prevent system crashes by storing less-used memory pages temporarily.
PAN
(Personal Area Network). A small-scale network centered around a person, typically within a range of a few meters. Examples include Bluetooth connections between a phone and a headset or smartwatch.
Parallel Execution
The process where a CPU or system executes multiple instructions or tasks simultaneously using multiple cores or threads. It enhances multitasking and performance.
Parity RAM
A type of memory that includes extra bits for error detection. It can detect, but not correct, single-bit errors in data, offering more reliability than standard RAM but less than ECC RAM.
Parity Space
In storage arrays (like RAID 5 or RAID 6), parity space stores redundant data that can be used to rebuild lost data if a drive fails. This provides fault tolerance without duplicating all data.
Partition
A logical division of a physical storage device, such as a hard drive or SSD. Allows users to organize data or install multiple operating systems on one device.
