SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS

Question 1

this diagnostic class is characterized by complaints of dissatisfaction regarding quality, timing and amount of sleep

Answer 1

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Question 2

this disorder is characterized by an inability to fall asleep or remain asleep

Waking-up not feeling restored or refreshed

Answer 2

INSOMNIA DISORDER

Question 3

this type of insomnia involves difficulty initiating sleep

Answer 3

sleep-onset/initial insomnia

Question 3

what are the 3 types of insomnia?

Answer 3

onset
maintenance
termination

Question 4

how frequent should the hypersomnolence be?

Answer 4

3 TIMES A WEEK FOR 3 MONTHS

Question 4

this type of insomnia involves difficulty maintaining sleep

Answer 4

sleep maintenance/middle insomnia

Question 5

this type of insomnia involves early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep

Answer 5

termination insomnia

Question 6

how frequent and present should the sleep difficulty be for insomnia?

Answer 6

3 nights per week for at least 3 months

Question 7

this disorder is characterized by self-reported excessive sleepiness despite main sleep period of at least 7 HOURS

non-restorative sleep

confusional arousal during awakening

Answer 7

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Question 8

how frequent should narcolepsy be?

Answer 8

3 TIMES PER WEEK FOR AT LEAST 3 MONTHS

Question 9

this disorder is characterized by recurrent daytime naps or lapses into sleep, may be accompanied by cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency or REM sleep latency less than or equal to 15 min

Answer 9

Narcolepsy

Question 10

this term refers to a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and energy expenditure

Answer 10

Hypocretin

Question 11

what are the disorders classified as BREATHING-RELATED SLEEP DISORDERS?

Answer 11

1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
2. Central Sleep Apnea
3. Sleep-related hypoventilation

Question 11

this disorder is characterized by polysomnographic evidence of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels

Answer 11

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

Question 12

this disorder is characterized by polysomnographic evidence of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep accompanied by either nocturnal breathing disturbances or daytime sleepiness, fatigue or unrefreshing sleep

caused by obstructions in the upper airway that restrict oxygen to the body

Answer 12

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

Question 13

this disorder is characterized by polysomnographic evidence of at least 5 central apneas per hour of sleep

occurs when the brain’s area that controls your breathing does not function correctly during sleep

Answer 13

Central Sleep Apnea

Question 13

what are apneas?

Answer 13

• pause in breathing
  >90% drop in airflow for 10 seconds
  >3% oxygen desaturation

Question 14

what are hypopneas?

Answer 14

• abnormally slow or shallow breathing
  > 30% drop in airflow for 10 seconds
  > 3% oxygen desaturation

Question 15

what causes CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA?

Answer 15

1. problems that affect the brainstem
2. severe obesity
3. certain medicines

Question 16

how long should the main sleep period last in hypersomnolence?

Answer 16

at least 7 hours

Question 17

what is the difference between hypersomnia and hypersomnolence?

Answer 17

hypersomnia refers to excessive amounts of sleep while hypersomnolence refers to excessive sleepiness

Question 18

this term refers to short attacks triggered by varying conditions such as eating large meals, moments of high stress or tension, or being awake for more than 4 hours

Answer 18

sleep attacks

Question 19

what are the severity specifiers for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea?

Answer 19

mild: apnea hypopnea index is less than 15

moderate: apnea hypopnea index is 15-30

severe: apnea hypopnea index is greater than 30

Question 19

what are the possible causes of narcolepsy?

Answer 19

1. low levels of hypocretin 2. autoimmune process

Question 20

this term refers to a sudden, brief loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, often laughter or excitement, and is a primary symptom of narcolepsy

Answer 20

cataplexy

Question 21

what are subtypes for central sleep apnea?

Answer 21

1. Idiopathic central sleep apnea 2. Cheyn-Stokes breathing 3. Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use

Question 22

this subtype of CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA involves repeated episodes of apneas and hypopneas during sleep cause by variability in respiratory effort but without evidence of airway obstruction.

Answer 22

Idiopathic Central Sleep Apnea

Question 22

this subtype of CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA involves a pattern of periodic crescendodecrescendo in tidal volume that results in central apneas and hypopneas in frequency at least five events per hour, accompanied by frequent arousal

Answer 22

Cheyne-Stokes breathing –

Question 23

what are the subtypes of SLEEP-RELATED HYPOVENTILATION?

Answer 23

1. Idiopathic Hypoventilation 2. Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation 3. Comorbid Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

Question 24

this subtype of SLEEP-RELATED HYPOVENTILATION involves a perinatal period with shallow breathing, or cyanosis and apnea during sleep.

Answer 24

Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation

Question 25

these disorders are characterized with a persistent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system

Answer 25

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

Question 26

what are the subtypes of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?

Answer 26

1. Delayed Sleep Phase Type 2. Advanced sleep phase type 3. Irregular sleep-wake type 4. Non-24-hours sleep-wake type 5. Shift work type

Question 27

this subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder involves a pattern of advanced sleep onset and awakening times, with an inability to remain awake or asleep until the desired or conventionally acceptable later sleep or wake times

Answer 27

advanced sleep phase type

Question 27

this subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder involves insomnia during the major sleep period and/or excessive sleepiness (including inadvertent sleep) during the major awake period associated with a shift work schedule (i.e., requiring unconventional work hours)

Answer 27

shift work type

Question 27

this subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involve a pattern of delayed sleep onset and awakening times, with an inability to fall asleep and awaken at a desired or conventionally acceptable earlier time

Answer 27

delayed sleep phase type

Question 28

this subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder involves a temporally disorganized sleep-wake pattern, such that the timing of sleep and wake periods is variable throughout the 24-hour period.

Answer 28

irregular sleep-wake type

Question 29

this subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder involves a pattern of sleep-wake cycles that is not synchronized to the 24-hour environment, with a consistent daily drift (usually to later and later times) of sleep onset and wake times.

Answer 29

non-24-hour sleep-wake type

Question 30

these sleep disorders are characterized by abnormal behavioral, experiential, or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions

Answer 30

parasomnias

Question 31

this refers to repeated episodes of rising from bed during sleep and walking about. during this, the individual has a blank, staring face; is relatively unresponsive to the efforts of others to communication with him or her; and can only be awakened with great difficulty

Answer 31

sleep walking

Question 31

these disorders represent variations of the simultaneous admixture of elements of both wakefulness and NREM sleep, a combination that results in the appearance of complex motor behavior without conscious awareness

Answer 31

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders

Question 32

this symptom refers to repeated episodes of abrupt terror arousals from sleep, usually beginning with panicky scream with rapid breathing, sweating, mydriasis (dilation of pupil of the eye), and tachycardia (abnormal rapid heart rate).

Answer 32

Sleep terrors

Question 32

what is the difference between sleep terror and nightmare disorder?

Answer 32

sleep terror happens in the NREM sleep (cannot remember) while nightmare disorder happens in the REM sleep (can remember)

Question 33

this disorder is characterized by repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors often reflect motor responses to the content of action-filled or violent dreams of being attacked or trying to escape from a threatening situation, called “dream enacting behaviours”.

Answer 33

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Question 33

this disorder is characterized by extended, extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams involving efforts to avoid threats to survival, security or physical integrity

Answer 33

Nightmare Disorder

Question 34

what is the frequency and duration for restless leg syndrome?

Answer 34

3 TIMES PER WEEK FOR 3 MONTHS

Question 34

this disorder is a sensorimotor, neurological sleep disorder characterized by a desire to move the legs or arms, usually associated with uncomfy sensation typically described as creeping, crawling, tingling, burning, and itching

Answer 34

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME

Question 35

what are the disorders present in the 12TH DIAGNOSTIC CLASS, SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS?

Answer 35

Insomnia Disorder Hypersomnolence Disorder Narcolepsy Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Central Sleep Apnea Sleep-Related Hypoventilation Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders Parasomnias Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders Nightmare Disorder Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Restless Legs Syndrome

Question 36

what is the other book for sleep-wake disorders?

Answer 36

International Classification of Sleep Disorders

Question 37

this type of sleep waves are active while a person is awake

Answer 37

beta waves

Question 38

this type of sleep waves are active when a person is drowsy

Answer 38

alpha waves

Question 39

this stage of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles and k complexes

Answer 39

stage 2

Question 39

this stage of sleep is characterized by theta waves and hypnic jerks

Answer 39

stage 1

Question 39

this stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves and dreams

Answer 39

stage 3 and 4

Question 40

this term can also refer to paradoxical sleep

Answer 40

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 40

how frequent does REM alternate with NREM?

Answer 40

90mins