sunday randoms Flashcards by Kelly MacWhorter

naked viruses

papillomavirus, adenovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus, calicivirus, picornavirus, reovirus, hepevirus

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DNA viruses

polyomavirus, papillomavirus, parvovirus, pox virus, herpes virus, hepadnavirus, adenovirus

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owl eye intra-nuclear inclusions

CMV

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Tzanck smear

HSV

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receptors used by HIV viruses

CCR5, CXCR4, CD4

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Rhinovirus reveptos

ICAM-1

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receptors used by CMV

integrins (heparan sulfate)

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receptor used by EBV

CD21

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receptor used by Parvovirus B19

P antigen on RBCs

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all RNA viruses replicated in cytoplasm except

retrovirus, influenza virus

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picornaviruses

RNA PERCH - poliovirus, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, HAV

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paramyxoviruses

RNA - parainfluenza, RSV, measles, mumps

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flaviviruses

HCV and arbovirus, arthrophod borne (yellow fever, zika, west nile, st. louis encephalitis, dengue)

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segmented viruses

BOAR - bunyavirus, orhtomyxovirus, arenavirus, reovirus

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which hepatitis viruses have risk for HCC?

HBV, HCV, HDV

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MHC class II

primarily APCs - macrophages, DCs and B cells

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Quellung reaction

capsule swelling after bacterium is exposed to its capsular antigens - strep pneumo

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causes of reactive arthritis

chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, campylobacter, clostridium dificeil

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HLA that increases chances of reactive arthritis

HLAB27

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disseminated gonococcal infections

triad of tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and non-purulent polyarthralgias

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causes of prader willi

absence of paternal contribution on 15 either my microdeletions of paternal region or maternal uniparental disomy

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HLA DQ2 and DQ8

celiac sprue

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anti-gliadin IgA antbodies with transglutaminases at dermal basement membrane

dermatitis herpetiformis in celiac sprue

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macrophages with accumulated PAS positive granules

whipple disease

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cobbleston mucosa and transmural inflammation

crohn disease

clinical features of PCOS

androgen excess, ovarian dysfunction, insulin resistance, obesity

PCOS treatment

weight loss, combo OCP, metformin

what determines cellular differentiation?

transcription factor milieu within an individual cell; tissue specific TF allow only for the expression of genes that are relvant for a particular cell type

why left varicocele more common?

left testicular vein drains into left renal vein which can easily be impinged by SMA

where is fluid accumulation in a hydrocele?

b/w parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis

firm painless testicular mass that does not transilluminate

testicular CA

acanthosis nigricans

insulin resistance or obesity, but also malignancy within the GI tract or lungs

clinical features of DiGeorge syndrome

conotruncal cardiac defects (persistent truncus arteriosus, t of F, interrupted aortic arch), abnormal facies, thymic aplasia/hypoplasia (defective T cell-mediated immunity), cleft palate, hypocalcemia (absent parathyroid glands, leads to tetany and seizures)

which phayngeal pouches fail to develop in DiGeorge syndrome

3 and 4

defective CD40L on Th cells, defective class switching

Hyper IgM syndrome

immunodeficiency that leads to NO b cell differentiation

x-linked agammaglobulinemia

sphingomyelinase deficiency

niemann-pick

arylsulfatase A deficiency

metachromatic leukodystrophy

b-hexosaminidase A deficiency

Tay sachs

wrinkled tissue papaer on electron microscopy

accumulation of glycolipid glucocerebroside in lysomsomes of macrophages in Gaucher disease

which two lysosomal storage diseases appear early in life, are fatal, and have cherry red spot on fundoscopic exam

tay sachs and niemann pick

anti-TNF agents

infliximab, etanercept

inhibits Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase

imatinib

folate antimetabolite that prevents DNA synthesis

methotrexate, targets rapidly dividing cells

fungal infection in HIV patient with CD4 < 200

pneumocystis jiroveci

what would CXR look like with asthma exacerbation?

normal

paired box (PAX)

important for embyrologic specification of certain itssues

mutation in PAX 6

ocular defects (aniridia), PAX gene specific for the eye

TP53

tumor suppressor gene mutated in Li-Fraumeni

HOX genes

encodes transcription factors that guid the pattern of embryo development along the rostro-caudal, limb, and genital axes

mutation HOXA13

hand-foot-gential syndrome

sudden-onset back pain, hematuria, oliguira, high anion gap metabolic acidosis

ethylene glycol

lymphatic drainage from what structures is seen in right supraclavicular node?

mediastinum, lungs, esophagus

lymphatic drainage from what structures in seen in posteriior clavicular nodes?

scalp, neck, skin of arms and pectorals, thorax, cervical and axillary nodes

left supraclavicular nodes (virchow's node)

drainage from all abdominal viscera, viscera of left hemithorax, all tissuess inferior to the umbiliculs and all left-sided tissues superior to the umbilicus

when may virchow's node become enlarged?

abdominal malignancies, breast CA, lung CA, and lymphoproliferative disorders

inguinal lymph nodes

lower extremities, lower abdominal wall, genitalia, buttocks

celiac artery

T12; lower esophagus to proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

SMA

L1; distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

IMA

distal 1/3 transverse colon to upper portion of rectum

B12 absorption

bind to IF in stomach, absorbed in distal ileum

Warriors from Germany love Smoking

Warthrin tumor - benign salivary gland tumor with germinal centers typically found in smokers

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

malignant tumor of salivary gland

crohns biopsy

flattening of villi, hyperplasia of crypts, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes

most damage in crohns?

duodenum

tropical sprue location

jejunum and ileum

what is absorbed jejunum?

folic acid

absorbed in ileum?

B12

small bowel cancer

carcinoid tumor; chromogranin stain; secretes serotonin which is metabolized by liver

carcinoid syndrome

secreted serotonin goes into systemic circulation - bronchospasm, diarrhea, flushing, right sided valvular fibrosis

why no left heart involvement in carcinoid syndrome?

MAO exists in lungs so serotonin is converted before able to do bad stuff

pANCA

Churg-Strauss, microscopic polyangitis, ulcerative colitis

what's the role of ASA in intestinal polyps?

blocks COX and thus prevents cancerous transformation

APC gene chromosome 5

FAP

what to do when diagnosed with FAP?

remove colon and rectum because SUPER high chance to develop CA by age of 40

Peutz Jeghers syndrome

hamartomaous polyps throughout GI tract, hyperpigmentation on lips, mucosa, genital area, AD, increased risk of breast, colorectal and GYN cancer

sunday randoms Flashcards

(76 cards)