**suppsinpractice Flashcards
1
Q
which supps contain animal protein
A
glucosamine chondroitin fish oil gelatin caps glandular digestive enzymes
2
Q
are herbs food or medicine status is uk
A
medicine under EU
3
Q
what allergens must be labelled
A
cereals containing gluten crustaceans eggs fish peanuts soybeans milk nuts celery mustard
4
Q
whole food sups regulated as what
A
food not supp
5
Q
what must fish & omega 3 oils be to minimise oxidation
A
cold pressed
6
Q
why should whey protein be filtered
A
to remove lactose
hormones
7
Q
why are chewable tablets usually not good
A
coated with palm oil and hydrogenated
8
Q
acacia gum
A
ok
gives form
9
Q
anthicyanidins
A
ok
purple colour
antioxidant
10
Q
ascorbic acid
A
preservative
antioxidant
11
Q
ascorbic palmitate
A
antioxidant
C + palmitic acid
ok
12
Q
carboxymethylcellulose
A
plant thickener
ok
13
Q
ethyl cellulose
A
ok
binder
14
Q
maltodextrin
A
ok
binder
15
Q
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
HPMC
A
ok
makes/coats veg capsules
16
Q
lithothamnion calconea
A
filler
seaweed
ok
17
Q
microcrystalline cellulose
A
ok
bulking agent
18
Q
silicon dioxide
A
ok
absorbs moisture
19
Q
vegetable stearic acid
A
ok
anti-caking agent
20
Q
glycerol monostearate
A
caution
coating
21
Q
glycerol triacetate
A
caution
coating
22
Q
oyster shell
A
binder
caution - veggie/allergy
23
Q
sorbitol
A
sweetener
caution GIT
24
Q
tapioca
A
binder
caution
from cassava - goitregenic
25
Vegetable magnesium stearate
caution
| flow agent
26
anthem gum
caution
| emulsifier
27
Zein protein coating
caution
| corn derivative - GMO?
28
guar gum
bad
| forbidden on SCD
29
carrageenan gum
bad
thickener
GIT upset
30
cellulose acetate phalate
enteric coating
bad
carcinogen
31
diethyl phthalate
enteric coating
| bad
32
sodium benzoate
anti fungal/bacterial
| bad
33
B17
cyanide
34
when to take fat & water soluble vits
with food
35
when to take B vits
all am
| B6 at nighht
36
when to take a/as
with carbs/empty stomach
37
when to take minerals
with food
| need sufficient HCL for absorption
38
can minerals be synthesised by body or plants
no we must all ingest them
39
the pH of what has a big influence on mineral absorption
intestine
40
mineral absorption better with low/high pH
low - more soluble and in ionic form
41
describe inorganic salts
simple mineral compounds
important for electrolyte balance
low absorption
42
ex inorganic salts
```
phosphates
sulfates
chlorides
carbonates
nitrates
oxides
```
43
describe organic acid salts
based on organic acids
well absorbed
body can also use carrier molecule
natural form
44
ex organic acid salts
```
ascorbates
acetates
citrates
glycinates
fumerates
picolinates
```
45
describe amino acid chelates
minerals bound to amino acids by a claw
mineral forced to go where a/a goes - many more absorption sites as AAs better absorbed
bypasses competitive absorption interaction with other minerals
46
why are minerals bound to citrates better absorbed
req less HCL
47
picolinates - piccolinic acid, a metabolite of
tryptophan
48
how/when is calcium best absorbed
at night
| + OJ if cheap
49
calcium bisglycinate
most bioavailable form
50
calcium citrate
easily assimilated
| popular choice
51
calcium carbonate
cheapest
chalk
needs lots HCL
gas, nausea, constipation
52
calcium ascorbate
buffered form C
| gentle on GIT
53
calcium pantothenate
supp for B5
54
calcium oxalate
never use
| kidney stones
55
calcium hydroxyapetit
bone meal/oyster derivative
don't use
lead
56
calcium + antacids ^ absorption of
aluminium
57
calcium citrate malate
new patented type
in fortified foods/supps
meant to be best?
58
what is Ca usually given with to ^ serum levels/absorption
D3
59
what 3 things ^ absorption Ca
protein
d
lactose
60
what decreases Ca absorption
```
phytates
oxalates
fibre
EFAs
Mg/Zn
caffeine
phosphorous
```
61
Mg absorption needs
Se
parathyroid hormone
B6
D
62
what decreases Mg absorption
```
potatoes
fibre
alcohol
^ sat fat
Ca
Ph
```
63
Mg needed for metabolism of
```
Ca
K
Ph
Zn
Cu
Fe
N
L:had
Intracellular homeostasis
thiamin activation
```
64
when is Mg contraindicated
renal failure
| heart block
65
potassium chloride
inorganic
| but ^ HCL
66
2 sx hyperkalaemia
tachycardia
| cardiac arrest - lethal injection
67
what to check before Supp with Fe to avoid hemochromatosis
serum ferritin & transferrin
68
ferrous citrate
well absorbed
69
ferrous fumerate
well absorbed but may inhibit E absorption
70
ferrous sulphate
inorganic
could cause nausea, constipation,
lowers E absorption
can take higher doses
71
ferrous bisglycinate
chelated
high bioavailability
fewer side effects
72
ferrous citrate
well absorbed
| good for sensitive GIT
73
what increases absorption of Fe
acids & sugars
74
what decreases iron absorption
```
physic acid
tannins
oxalic acid
Ca
Zn
Mn
rapid transit time
H Pylori
Achloridya
PPIs/antacids
```
75
adverse reactions to Fe supp
```
nausea
diarrhoea
constipation
heart burn
upper gastric pain
```
76
zinc sulphate
inorganic
| can cause stomach upset
77
what lowers zinc absorption
```
phytates
Ca
fe
Cu
cadmium
```
78
high zinc could cause
low Cu
nausea
vomiting
diarrhoea
79
buffered forms Vit C
also absorb carrier molecule
gentle on GIT
Ca ascorbate
Mg ascorbate
N ascorbate
K ascorbate
80
ascorbic acid
cheap C
acidic
harsh
81
retinal palmitate
stable supp form Vit A
82
DL alpha tocopherol
synthetic E petrochemicals
83
D alpha tocopherol
most commonly used E
84
L-selenomethionine
Se bonded with methionine
best absorption
occurs naturally
85
bioactive form B6
pyridoxal 5 phosphate
86
niacin v niacinamide
niacin - cholesterol/triglycerides/raynauds
| niacinamide - diabetes/blood glucose control
87
D3 cholecalciferol v D2 ergocalciferol
cholecalciferol - active form
| ergocalciferol - veg form
