Surgical Techniques - Instrument Sterilization and Environmental and Equipment Disinfection 3-A

Question 1

Agent capable of killing spore-forming organisms in the free spore state

Answer 1

sporicidal

Question 2

Protection against wound infection pre-, inter-, and post-operatively through aseptic technique

Answer 2

surgical asepsis

Question 3

a small glass receptacle for holding liquids or powders

Answer 3

flask

Question 4

actual or suspected relative number of microorganisms found in an area or on an item

Answer 4

bioburden

Question 5

a highly resistant, protective covering or casing formed by a bacterium

Answer 5

spore

Question 6

chemical agent that destroys microorganisms

Answer 6

disinfectant

Question 7

surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached

Answer 7

substrate

Question 8

open inner space of a tube, which can be in an endoscope, a catheter, or a needle; a hollow cavity in an organ or a blood vessel; can also be a unit of invisible, translit light that is generally described as a measure of brightness

Answer 8

lumen

Question 9

hospital-acquired infection

Answer 9

nonsocomial

Question 10

substance that kills all forms of living matter including spore-bearing ones

Answer 10

sterilant

Question 11

non-living or lifeless

Answer 11

inanimate

Question 12

transmission of microorganisms from patient to patient and from inanimate objects to patients and vice versa

Answer 12

cross contamination

Question 13

agent that destroys germs

Answer 13

germicide

Question 14

having the capacity to chemically kill pseudomonas bacteria which commonly causes infections in wounds, burns, and the urinary tract

Answer 14

pseudimonacidal

Question 15

the process for removing contaminants from an object that has been exposed to hazardous materials, such as infectious material and blood, chemicals, or radioactive substances

Answer 15

decontamination

Question 16

a chemical agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without necessarily killing them

Answer 16

antiseptic

Question 17

having the capacity to prevent of destroy or inhibit the growth of fungi

Answer 17

fungicidal

Question 18

causative agent that is spread by persons coming into contact with body fluids or droplets that leave by mans of an infected person’s portals of exit

Answer 18

pathogen

Question 19

very small mass of liquid carried in a spray from the nose or mouth which falls to surface upon expiration as liquid and which are not readily inhaled

Answer 19

droplet

Question 20

inanimate objects which are freshly contaminated with secretions or excretions from an infected person or carrier

Answer 20

fomites

Question 21

an animal, especially an insect, that transmits pathogens from infected to non-infected individuals

Answer 21

vector

Question 22

having the capacity to or tending to destroy or inactivate viruses

Answer 22

virucidal

Question 23

having the capacity to prevent or destroy the growth or action of bacteria

Answer 23

bactericidal

Question 24

any occurrence that compromises the sterility of the package

Answer 24

event-related sterility

Question 25

sterility is less critical for those items that come in contact with mucous membranes or broken skin. Items are considered clean and require minimal disinfection using a chemical disinfectant, such as glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid with hydrogen peroxide to reduce microorganisms before use.

Answer 25

semicritical

Question 26

Any items introduced to internal body areas or areas with high risk of infection if contaminated with microorganisms, including bacterial spores. These items must be handles with sterile technique to maintain sterility.

Answer 26

critical

Question 27

Items that come in contact with intact skin but not mucous membranes. Most reusable items may be decontaminated where they are used and do not need to be transported to Central Processing.

Answer 27

noncritical

Question 28

the immediate disinfection process following discharge of infectious material from the body of an infected person or after contamination of articles by an infectious agent

Answer 28

concurrent disinfection

Question 29

used on noncritical items such as floors, walls, and anesthesia equipment

Answer 29

Level 3 low-level disinfectant

Question 30

used to disinfect or sterilize surgical instruments

Answer 30

Level 1 high-level disinfectant

Question 31

examples of disinfectants include glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, and chloride compounds

Answer 31

Level 1 high-level disinfectant

Question 32

accomplished by surface cleaning or disinfection

Answer 32

Level 3 low-level disinfectant

Question 33

used on semicritical items such as laryngoscopes, bronchoscopes, and respiratory equipment

Answer 33

Level 2 intermediate-level disinfectant

Question 34

examples of disinfectants include phenolic germicidal solution, iodophor solution, sodium hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer 34

Level 3 low-level disinfectant

Question 35

the action of a disinfecting agent to make substances, such as fats or lipids, dissolve, especially in water

Answer 35

solubilization

Question 36

the physical action in which fats are mechanically broken up into very small particles which are uniformly suspended in the disinfecting solution

Answer 36

emulsification

Question 37

the action of organic matter attaching itself to the water hardness particles, principally those of calcium and magnesium, and inactivating them so they will not combine with other material, such as the disinfecting agent in the water and precipitate out

Answer 37

chelation

Question 38

the action of breaking down or digesting large organic molecules that then interact with and break down a particular molecule and move on and repeat the process

Answer 38

enzymatic

Question 39

Use protective eye wear and ______ equipment when working with chemical disinfectants to prevent accidental splash to eyes and inhalation of fumes.

Answer 39

respiratory

Question 40

Use covered containers and adequate _____ to reduce exposure to fumes since vapors can be toxic.

Answer 40

ventilation

Question 41

Properly _____ liquids.

Answer 41

dilute

Question 42

Ensure items are clean and free of gross _____ so the disinfectant effectiveness is maximized.

Answer 42

contaminants

Question 43

Dry materials prior to disinfection to prevent disinfectant ______.

Answer 43

dilution

Question 44

Completely _____ items in the disinfectant solution.

Answer 44

immerse

Question 45

Allow adequate time during immersion for disinfectant to _____.

Answer 45

work

Question 46

_____ disinfectant from items prior to use.

Answer 46

Rinse

Question 47

Type and number of microorganisms present, including gross contamination or _____.

Answer 47

bioburden

Question 48

Degree of _____ - This determines the level of disinfectant required and time of exposure.

Answer 48

contamination

Question 49

Amount of proteinaceous material present - High protein-based materials _____ and neutralize some chemical disinfectants.

Answer 49

absorb

Question 50

Presence of _____ matter and other compounds - May neutralize some disinfectants.

Answer 50

organic

Question 51

______ nature of disinfectant - It is important to understand the mode of action in order to select the appropriate disinfectant.

Answer 51

Chemical

Question 52

Concentration and _____ of disinfectant - It is important to choose the proper concentration and _____ of disinfectant that is best suited for the level of disinfection needed.

Answer 52

quantity | quantity

Question 53

Contact time, ______ level, and temperature - Sufficient time and appropriate temperature must be allowed for action of the disinfectant and may depend on the degree of contamination and organic matter load.

Answer 53

pH

Question 54

Widely used high-level disinfecting agent, especially for semicritical instruments, that destroys microbes by denaturation of cellular proteins

Answer 54

2% glutaraldehyde

Question 55

Is a nonglutaraldehyde based high-level disinfecting agent used to destroy microbes by denaturation of cellular proteins

Answer 55

Ortho-Phthaldehyde 0,55% (Cidex OPA)

Question 56

Destroys microbes by coagulating cellular proteins

Answer 56

alcohol - Isolpropyl and ethyl

Question 57

Disrupts the cellular metabolism of the microbes by oxidizing enzymes

Answer 57

chlorine compounds/sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

Question 58

reacts through oxidation with the organic material and microbes in the water to kill them

Answer 58

chlorinated lime

Question 59

penetrate the cell wall of microorganisms quickly, and the lethal effects are believed to result from disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis

Answer 59

iodine-based compounds (iodophor)

Question 60

destroy microorganisms through denaturation and coagulation of proteins

Answer 60

phenois and derivatives

Question 61

Keep _____ in and out of the operating room to an absolute minimum.

Answer 61

traffic

Question 62

Immediately apply a _____ spectrum detergent-germicide to areas contaminated with organic debris such as blood.

Answer 62

broad

Question 63

Dispose of sponges in a ____ biohazard bag.

Answer 63

red

Question 64

Do not place soiled sponges on a _____ sterile table.

Answer 64

draped

Question 65

Use glove or _____ or both when counting and collecting soiled sponges.

Answer 65

instruments

Question 66

Place all disposable sharps in a ______-resistant biohazard container as infectious waste.

Answer 66

puncture

Question 67

Clean the exterior surfaces of _____ containers before removal from OR.

Answer 67

specimen

Question 68

Keep all trash and _____ off the floor.

Answer 68

linen

Question 69

begins with the removal of the initial gross contaminants by wiping the instrument as it is used on the sterile field

Answer 69

decontamination

Question 70

initial immersion in a basin of enzymatic detergent, distilled water, or water with a low sudsing detergent helps to loosen gross contaminants from instruments

Answer 70

pre-rinse or soaking

Question 71

the hand washing of instruments in the processing area to remove any residual blood or debris before high-level disinfection or terminal sterilization

Answer 71

manual cleaning

Question 72

uses high frequency sound waves to generate tiny bubbles that clean the serrations, crevices, and lock boxes of instruments that are difficult to clean with other methods

Answer 72

ultrasonic cleaning

Question 73

this process must be completed on any instrument with moving parts; involves completely immersing the instrument in a manufacturer-approved lubricant for 30-45 seconds, then dipping and allowing to drip dry in a draining tray

Answer 73

lubrication

Question 74

involves the inspection, assembling, and packaging of instruments and supplies prior to terminal sterilization of disinfection

Answer 74

preparation, assembly, and packaging

Question 75

critical verification of instruments must be done after cleaning to ensure there is no damage, stiffness of hinged joints, etc.

Answer 75

inspecting and testing

Question 76

distribution of instruments into instrument sets or procedure trays for packaging and placement in sterilizer racks

Answer 76

assembly

Question 77

to be effective, the appropriate instrument container must allow the sterilizing agent to come in contact with all surfaces of the instrumnts

Answer 77

packaging

Question 78

the physical or chemical sterilization process that renders an item free of all living microorganisms, including spores

Answer 78

terminal and final sterilization

Question 79

concerned with event-related sterility and the shelf-life of items

Answer 79

storage

Question 80

concerned with the probability of contamination increasing as supplies are touched and moved around

Answer 80

handling

Question 81

concerned with systems, delivery, patient charging methods, record keeping, and safety practices

Answer 81

distribution

Question 82

The _____ cleaner provides a cleaning process, not a thermal or chemical disinfection or sterilization process.

Answer 82

ultrasonic

Question 83

The washer-sterilizer method cleans items to at least an ______ disinfected level.

Answer 83

intermediate

Question 84

The manual or hand-wash method requires a _____ in its first stage to prevent excessive drying of soil.

Answer 84

soaking time

Question 85

During hand wash, _____ must be brushed internally to remove residue.

Answer 85

endoscopes

Question 86

_____ is the final step before milking the instruments.

Answer 86

Rinsing

Question 87

Milking the instruments is designed for instruments that require _____.

Answer 87

lubrication

Question 88

After cleaning, completely _____ the instruments.

Answer 88

dry

Question 89

When using a washer-decontaminator, instruments are placed in a mesh or perforated bottom ______

Answer 89

basket

Question 90

When using the manual method, completely immerse instruments in a deep basin with _____ cleaning detergent in warm water.

Answer 90

non-corrosive

Question 91

It is important to keep dissimilar metals separate to prevent _____ through electrolysis.

Answer 91

etching