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Test 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Luxemburg imperialism

A

She believed it allowed for the continuous of capitalist accumulation and forced all the state?

It is the capitalist way of taking over the states it was needed by capitalist so they can sell products to different people

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1
Q

reformism/revisionism

A 
Reformism- just be patient, we will get there with gradual change
Revision- things will fix in time
She didn't want either
She wanted revolution
Luxemburg
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2
Q

Militarism

A

Luxembourg

Involvement in military activities and related expenditures for production of military gear

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3
Q

Nationalism

A

Luxembourg
She wasn’t for this
When a country focuses on its own national pride and entity it gets caught up and fails to see what takes place in the rest of the world
Especially with the exploitation of the proletariat

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4
Q

Marx belied in what relating to money ( know exact term)

A

Economics determinism- a monocausist

Substructure- economics is the basis of all things

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5
Q

Marx history is what

A

Is a series if class struggles

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6
Q

Class theory

A

Marx
Always have classes competing with one another for scarce resources
Always involves oppressors and oppressed

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7
Q

Epochs

A

The great time periods, each class is characterized by having and not having

Marx

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8
Q

Class conflict diabolical materialism

A

Marx- browsed it from Hegel

Each thesis has an opposing idea which gets resolved by synthesis. Resolution comes along until new antithesis

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9
Q

Class conflict

Relationship to the means of production

A

Marx
There is always a means of production in which you have a relationship to either 1 own it
2 not own it

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10
Q

Class conflict

Bourgeoisie

A

Marx

Owners of factories

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11
Q

Class conflict proletariat

A

The people who do not own the factories

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12
Q

Class conflict

Classless society

A

The workers will finally overthrow the bourgeoisie

Marx

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13
Q

Alienation

2 types

A

You have limited control of the world around you
1 objective=being alienated from productivity
2 subjective= the worker feels alienated from other workers or human potential in that they don’t get to do what they love
Marx

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14
Q

Value theory of labor(surplus value)

A

Marx

You are worth and worked harder then what you are paid for

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15
Q

Religion as opiate

A

Marx
Religion becomes a tool of the capitalist
Religion focuses on reward
So do your job because in the afterlife everything will be wonderful. Used the term opiate because opiates take away the pain just as religion takes away the pain from this life

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16
Q

The humanist

A

Marx

He didn’t like the idea of the proletariat not making money he didn’t think they deserved

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17
Q

Who was kicked out of many countries
Tried to organize workers into unions
And engles was his friend

A

Marx

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18
Q

Social solidarity

A

Durkheim

Social cohesiveness transformed by division of labor

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19
Q

Social change

A

Every society moves from mechanical to organic

Durkheim

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20
Q

Suicide, 1895

A

There are 3 types of suicide
1 egoistic- low social integration. Individual is willing to go because they find that no one cares about them
2altruistic- high social integration
The expectation is high so they kill themselves like the kamikaze
3anomic- there is a dramatic change in society there is a loss of norms for the individual

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21
Q

Who was the first chair and first sociologist
And was influenced by compte
Losses there son in world war 1 then dies several years later

A

Durkheim

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22
Q

Simmel society defined

A

Is a web of interactions of people

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23
Q

Formal sociology

A

Simmel

Forms- the core of social phenomena you witness

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24
Significance of numbers
Simmel When 2 people are joined by a third a days become a tryad 2 people have 2 ways of comm 3 people have 6
25
Web of group affiliation
Simmel You are inside a family In a city In a growing ring of people, this makes our experiences similar We can't share others webs everyone has own
26
Conflict
Simmel Often seen as destructive But sometimes it has positive outcomes it can pull a group togeather, create solidarity
27
Rousseau | Assumption about humans and society
Humans are naturally good | Society corrupts humans
28
The social contract
Rousseau Manifestation of the gereal wil Overall coming togeather of general wishes of the people can be changed as General will changes
29
Sovereign
The people not a king | Rousseau
30
Who was unhappy | Had 5 illegitimate children and married Teresa
Rousseau
31
Who was the father of sociology?
Compte | He gave it the name he wanted to call it social physics but that was already taken
32
Positivism
Compte Used the methods developed by natural sciences to study social behavior He also used this to describe that things were moving away from theology
33
2 parts of comptes sociology
Social statistics- focused on social order and stability, like taking a snapshot Social dynamics-change or movement, not a motion picture Compte looked at both
34
Law of three stages
Compte 1 theological- everything explained theologically 2 metaphysical 3 positivism
35
Hierarchy of sciences
``` Compte Has levels as you go up 1 math 2 astronomy 3 physics 4 chemistry 5 biology 6 sociology the queen of science ```
36
4 methods
``` Compte Observation Experiment Comparison Historical method ```
37
Was never a professor Only got to work in university Had relationship with saint simon High priest of humanity
Compte | 1798-1857
38
Political economy
Martineau The word she used and was more about social things Didn't call it sociology Was the science that involved laws of social duty and happiness
39
Social life in society
Martineau She thought there were patterns And these patterns could be studied
40
Who was the second father of sociology
Spencer 1820-1903
41
Organisism
Spencer An organic analogy as an organizing would say social body is like physical one. A sort of theoretical approach To liken the social body to a physical one the social body is like an organisism
42
Evolution
Spencer made a strong contribution Every society moves form homogeneous to Heterogeneous it is an invariable law This is also a multilenial scheme- so there is not just one path but societies can take different approaches to this
43
Individualism
Spencer The individual has priority He didn't like social welfare He wanted non interventional ism
44
Non intervention society
Societies should stay away from intervening in ones like | Spencer
45
Survival of the fittest
Spencer | The fittest survive others do not
46
Webers sociology
To interpret and understand social action
47
Social action
Weber | Takes into account others as well as involving a past, present, future orientation of the behavior of others
48
Rational action
Weber One of four social action Considers your options for ends then choose the best means
49
Instrumental rational action
Means and ends are both open can choose 2 of 4 for social action Weber
50
Value rational action
``` The ends are fixed the means are open Uses religion as example Want to get to heaven grapple with the means to get there All about having a fixed quest 3 of 4 under social action Weber ```
51
Affectual action
No means or ends, it is just about how you feel I if a guy walks in on his wife and beats him up An uncontrolled reaction 4 of 5 social action Weber
52
Traditional action
The means and ends are fixed The way it was always done Last social action Weber
53
Verstehen
Understanding is direct translation, about trying to understand basis of human nature Weber
54
Rationalization
Weber An ongoing process Society moving from traditional social action to rational social action
55
Ideal type
Construction by sociologist of what something looks like | Weber
56
Power wealth and prestige
Webers reaction to Marx saying not just economics counts
57
Religion and economy
Webers response to Marx Marx believed economics runs religion Webber says oppisate religion leads to economics
58
Ideologies
Weber The Protestant reformation was reaction to Catholicism New ideologies emerged
59
Calvin
Under weber sg | Believed in predestination
60
Form and contents
Simmel The stranger-can't see all that is going on but gives new eyes Conflict Superiority/subordination
61
Bureaucracy
For weber has a formal hierarchical structure
62
3 types of authority
Weber Legal/rational Traditional Charismatic
63
Marginality
Simmel A phenomena where the individual is caught in between 2 places Know the college student and being poor
64
``` Who was the mother of sociology Survival on her own Born into large family 6 of 8 kids An activist Traveled extensively went to America ```
Harriet martineau 1802-1876
65
Luther
He focused on individual in religion. He translated bible so that people could read it for themselves, similar to capitalism in weber who also held individual accountable.
66
Who had conflict with father and mother | Was influenced by aunt uncle and faced a mental breakdown
Weber
67
Was not American Worked on the railroad Change in England Made impact in America with social Darwinism
Spencer
68
Who was an outsider, never got to work in the university Still have lectures and helped in university High priest of humanity Relationship with saint simon
Compte
69
Born in Poland into Jewish family Married lubeck but had partnership with jogiches Murdered by German police
Luxembourg
70
Hobbes assumptions
Humans are bad by nature Society saves humans
71
The social contract
King gets extra power but he has to look over everyone and protect them This contract was irrevocable Hobbes
72
``` Treason is the worst thing And this person supports the king Attended oxford at 15 Because he liked royals others mad at him Blamed for plague and fire ```
Hobbes
73
Social Darwinism
Sumner | This borrowed however not from Darwin, but from Spencer's survival of the fittest
74
Basic needs
``` Sumner Hunger Sex Vanity Fear of ghosts or unknown ```
75
Folkways, mores, laws
Summer Folkways-like norms, way if the folks, a common belief Mores- a set of moral norms, more significant then folkways about how we treat each other Laws- have been written
76
In groups | Out groups
Summer We are inside, belong to in group We are not within an out group
77
Ethnocentrism
The belief that the In group is at the center or more important then the others Your group does things right, not other groups Sumner
78
Cultural relativism
Sumner Different from ethnocentrism Where one takes effort in understanding other groups
79
Social facts
Ways of thinking acting feeling external to the individual Durkheim
80
Reading Durkheim
Barely visible line
81
Reading compte spencer
Thicker dark line
82
Reading sumner
Smaller pages
83
Reading Merton
Definitive line

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