The Cardiovascular System (Blood,Blood Vessels & Heart) Flashcards by Miss J

Name the organs of the Cardiovascular system

blood vessels
blood
heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiovascular system

What are the 2 main Circulatory circuits

Pulmonary system

Systemic system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the role of the Pulmonary circuit

blood vessels carry oxygen poor blood to the lungs and returns oxygen rich blood to the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the role of the Systemic circuit

blood vessels carry oxygen rich blood to the all the body cells and returns oxygen poor blood to the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the parts of the Heart that bring oxygen poor blood into the heart and out to the lungs

(BLUE)

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava deliver blood to the-Right Atrium- this flows in the Right Ventricle- then leaves the heart through the Pulmonary Trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the parts of the Heart that carry oxygen rich blood into the heart and out to body cells

(RED)

Pulmonary Veins deliver blood to the- Left Atrium- this flows into the Left Ventricle- then leaves the heart through the Aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 Valves of the Heart

Tricuspid valve- between the right atrium and ventricle
Pulmonary valve- between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Bicuspid valve- between left atrium and ventricle
Aortic valve- between the left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain: Coronary circulation

the blood supply to the heart muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What Arteries are involved in supplying blood to the heart muscle

Right and left coronary artery (sit at the base of the aorta)

RIGHT

Posterior Interventricular artery (supplies blood to both ventricles)
Marginal atery (supplies blood to Right atrium and ventricle)

LEFT

Circumflex artery (supplies blood to Left atrium and ventricle)
Anterior Interventricular artery (supplies blood to both ventricles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is Oxygen Poor blood drained from the heart

Cardiac veins drain oxygen poor blood from the heart into a common vein called the Coronary Sinus which opens up into the right atrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the order of the Cardiac Conduction System

Sinoatrial Node- Atrioventricular Node- Atrioventricular Bundle- Right and Left Bundle Branches- Purkinje Fibres

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain: the process of the Cardiac Conduction System

SA node (right atrium) delivers impulses across the RandL atria which cause them to contract forcing blood into the ventricles
AV node (left atria) receives the impulse from the SA node, which travels to the
AV bundle which then divides in the
RandL bundle branches. The impulse then follows each RandL branch up either side of the ventricular wall, where the
Pukinje fibres deliver the impulses to the muscle cells which cause them to contract and eject the blood out of the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define: Systole

contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define: Diastole

relaxation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Cylcle

What happens in Ventricular Diastole

Both atrium’s fill with blood (passive filling)

- Blood flows into the ventricles (atrial contraction)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Cylcle

What happens in Ventricular Systole

Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves close

- Semilunar valves open releasing blood from the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain: the 3 main components on an Electrocardiogram

P wave- initiation of atrial contraction
QRS complex- initiation of ventricular contraction
T wave- ventricular relaxation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 connection in the Fetal heart that allow blood to bypass the lungs?

Ductus Arteriosus- connects pulmonary trunk to aorta

Foramen Ovale- connects right atrium to leeft atrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the typical resting heart rate of a Fetus compared with adults

Fetus: 120-170 bpm
Adult: 60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 3 layers to the heart wall

EPIcardium- outer layer
MYOcardium
ENDOcardium- inner most layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which layer of the heart contracts

Myocardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define: Endocardium

is a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain: the structure of a Blood Vessel

Tunica Intima (inner layer)- thin layer of endothelium lines the lumen of the blood vessel
Tunica Media (middle layer)- contains smooth muscle and elastic fibres
Tunica Externa (external layer)- contains collagen fibres and anchors blood vessels to its surroundings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels

Artery
Vein
Capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe: Arteries

- Thick wall rich in elastic fibres and smooth muscle - Transports blood away from the heart - Subject to high blood pressure

Describe: Veins

- Thin wall and has a larger lumen - Transports blood towards the heart - Subject to low blood pressure

Describe: Capillaries

- Smallest of the blood vessels - Single cell wall thick - Thin wall allows gas exchange to take place

Describe: Aterioles

Smallest arteries - smooth muscle in blood vessel wall - arteriole diameter controls blood flow into capillaries

Describe: Venules

Smallest veins | - blood flowing out of capillaries enter venules

Explain where Arterioles and Venules are in the blood vessel process

Blood flows from: | Artery- Ateriole- Capillaries- Venule- Vein

Name the major Arteries to the Head

Subclavian artery Common carotid artery Internal carotid artery External carotid artery

Name the major Veins to the Head

``` Superior vena cava Brachiocephalic vein Subclavian vein Internal jugular vein External jugular vein ```

Define: Blood flow

volume of blood flowing through blood vessels or organ in a given period

Define: Blood pressure

force exerted on a vessel wall by the blood as it is pumped by the heart

Define: Resistance

opposition to flow of blood through vessels

What is blood pressure in a typically healthy adult

Systolic pressure- 120mm Hg | Diastolic pressure- 80mm Hg

Blood Vessels Explain the 3 factors of Resistance

Blood viscosity- thickness of blood Blood vessel length- longer the vessel, greater resistance Blood vessel diameter- smaller diameter, greater resistance

Define: Mean arterial pressure

Pressure that propels the blood to the tissues | - normal range is 65-110mm Hg

What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure

MAP= Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

What is the formula for Pulse Pressure

pulse pressure= systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Define: Blood

living blood cells suspended in a non living matrix called plasma

Define: Plasma

Liquid part of blood | - consists of water, proteins, sugars, hormones and salts

Define: Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Define the Function: Erythrocytes

- transports oxygen to cells | - transports carbon dioxide away from cells

What makes up whole blood

Erythrocytes White blood cells Platelets Plasma

Define: Hemoglobin

Iron-bearing protein - Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood - gives blood red colour

Define: Megakaryocytes

Platelets | - are fragments of bizarre multi-nucleate cells

Define: Leukocytes

White blood cells | - work in the immune system and protect against infection

Define: Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation

Where does Hematopoiesis occur?

In red bone marrow

How are white blood cells and platelets formed?

They are both stimulated by hormones

Define: Hemostasis

Stoppage of bleeding

Name the 3 phases of Hemostasis

1. Vascular Spasm 2. Platelet plug forms 3. Coagulation events occur

Heart Beat What does the LUB-DUB sound correspond too

LUB- ventricular systole | DUB- ventricular diastole

Oxygen rich blood is first received by the...

Pulmonary vein

During the cardiac cycle Ventricular Systole corresponds to...

the ejection of blood out of the heart

During right Ventricular contraction, which blood vessel of the Heart receives blood

Pulmonary artery

Blood returning to the heart from the Inferior Vena Cava would enter...

right artium

How many blood vessels open into the right atrium

Where is blood heading in the pulmonary arteries

the lungs

Define: Pericardium

is a double walled sac that encloses the heart

Define: fibrous pericardium

the loosely fitting superficial part of the pericardium sac

Define the Function: Fibrous Pericardium

helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures, such as diaphragm and sternum

Define: Epicardium

part of the heart wall

Define: Cardiac Output

is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1min

Cardiac Output is the product of what?

Heart rate and Stroke volume

What is the formula for Cardiac Output

CO= HR (beats/min) X SV (ml/beat)

How many blood vessels open into the Right Atrium

During a cardiac cycle, ventricular systole corresponds to..

the ejection of blood out of the heart

Oxygen rich blood is first received by..

the Pulmonary Vein

In LUD-DUB, what do these correspond to

LUD- ventricular systole | DUB- Ventricular diastole

How many blood vessels open into the Right Atrium

During a cardiac cycle, ventricular systole corresponds to..

the ejection of blood out of the heart

Oxygen rich blood is first received by..

the Pulmonary Vein

In LUD-DUB, what do these correspond to

LUD- ventricular systole | DUB- Ventricular diastole

Electrical initiation of a heartbeat begin in the wall of..

Right atrium

Blood is delivered to the heart muscle by the...

Coronary arteries

In the fetal heart, the Foramen Ovale serves to bypass blood from the

Right atrium to the Left atrium

The Cardiovascular System (Blood,Blood Vessels & Heart) Flashcards

(78 cards)