The Respiratory System

Question 1

List the organs of the Respiratory System

Answer 1

Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 2

Define the Structure: Lungs

Answer 2

Apex- the narrow superior portion of each lung
Base- the broad lung area resting on the diaphragm
Left Lung- has 2 lobes
Right Lung- has 3 lobes

Question 3

What is the surface of each lung covered with?

Answer 3

a visceral serosa called the Visceral Pleura

Question 4

The walls of the thoracic cavity are lined by…

Answer 4

Parietal Pleura

Question 5

Name the 4 events of Respiration

Answer 5

1. Pulmonary ventilation
2. External respiration
3. Respiratory gas transport
4. Internal respiration

Question 6

Define: Cellular Respiration

Answer 6

is the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

Question 7

Define the Function: Respiratory System

Answer 7

• Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
• Provides an airway for respiration
• Moistens and warms inhaled air
• Filters and cleans inhaled air
• Serves as resonating chamber for speech
• Houses olfactory receptors

Question 8

What are the 3 regions of the Pharynx

Answer 8

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 9

What are the 2 Functional Zones of the Respiratory system

Answer 9

Conducting Zone

Respiratory Zone

Question 10

Respiratory System

Describe: Conducting Zone

Answer 10

consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and terminal bronchi

• conducts air to the respiratory zone
• filters. humidifies and warms the air

Question 11

Respiratory System

Describe: Respiratory Zone

Answer 11

consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 12

Define the Function: Pharynx

Answer 12

Passageway for air and food

Question 13

Define the Function: Larynx

Answer 13

Air passageway
Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Voice production

Question 14

Define the Function: Trachea

Answer 14

Air passageway

Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air

Question 15

How many Alveolar cells are there?

Answer 15

Type 1 and Type 2

Question 16

Define the Function: Type 1 alveolar cell

Answer 16

facilitates gas exchange by diffusion

Question 17

Define the Function: Type 2 alveolar cell

Answer 17

responsible for the production of surfactent

Question 18

Respiratory System

Define the Function: Macrophage in Alveolus

Answer 18

they wander through the alveolus and engulf any substances that have entered the lungs

Question 19

Define the Function: Surfactent

Answer 19

Reduces surface tension

Prevents the alveoli from collapsing

Question 20

In the Alveolus what is the flow of O2 and Co2?

Answer 20

Oxygen flows from the alveolus to the red blood cell in the capillaries

Carbon dioxide flows from the red blood cell in capillaries to the alveolus

Question 21

Define the Function: Alveoli

Answer 21

Main site for gas exchange

Question 22

Define the Function: Lungs

Answer 22

houses respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

Question 23

When do lungs begin to function?

Answer 23

at birth

Question 24

When are lungs fully inflated for the first time

Answer 24

2 weeks after birth

Question 25

Describe the Process: Inspiration

Answer 25

- External intercostal muscles contract - Rib cage expands and elevates - Thoracic cavity volume increases - Diaphragm contracts and lowers

Question 26

Describe the Process: Expiration

Answer 26

- External intercostal muscles relax - Rib cage returns to original position - Thoracic cavity volume decreases - Diaphragm relaxes and move up to original position

Question 27

Define: Tidal volume

Answer 27

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

Question 28

Define: Residual volume

Answer 28

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forces expiration

Question 29

Define: Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 29

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal

Question 30

Define: Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 30

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal

Question 31

Define: Vital capacity

Answer 31

maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration effort

Question 32

What form of transport does gas exchange take place

Answer 32

simple diffusion

Question 33

# Define: External respiration (External gas exchange)

Answer 33

is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the lungs and blood

Question 34

# Define: Internal respiration (Internal gas exchange)

Answer 34

is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the blood and tissues

Question 35

Explain: Boyles Law

Answer 35

Gas pressure and volumes Increase the volume- decrease the pressure Decrease the volume- increase the pressure

Question 36

Explain: Daltons law

Answer 36

partial pressure pressure exerted by each gas in mixture is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture

Question 37

Explain: Henry's law

Answer 37

governs how gases move into or out of solution - amount of each gas that will dissolve depends on solubility and temperature

Question 38

Respiratory System How is Oxygen transported?

Answer 38

- 1.5% dissolved in plasma - 98% loosely bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells (4 molecules of oxygen to hemoglobin)

Question 39

Respiratory System How is Carbon Dioxcide transported?

Answer 39

- 7-10% dissolved in plasma - 20% bound to globin of hemoglobin - 70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma

Question 40

What part of the brain is breathing controlled by?

Answer 40

Medulla and Pons (brain stem) - they send messages to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax

Question 41

What are the 2 respiratory groups of the Medulla

Answer 41

Ventral respiratory group | Dorsal respiratory group

Question 42

What part of the brain sets the basic breathing rhythm

Answer 42

Medulla

Question 43

What part of the brain is able to modify the breathing rhythm

Answer 43

Pons

Question 44

Respiratory System What are the 2 Chemoreceptors

Answer 44

Carotid body and Aortic body

Question 45

Define the Function: Chemoreceptors

Answer 45

they detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen and pH levels in blood, and relay these messages to the brain stem to modify breathing

Question 46

Which cells in the lungs are responsible for engulfing foreign substances

Answer 46

Macrophages

Question 47

In the blood plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is..

Answer 47

only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood

Question 48

Explain: Tidal volume

Answer 48

is air breathed in and out during normal breathing