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Bioscience 1 > The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

The Central Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

An individual who can look at a picture of a flower and see it but can not recognise it as a flower is most likely to have sustained damage to the

A

Visual association area

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2
Q

Define the Function: Meninges

A

Protect the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Association areas of the brain are involved in

A

receiving and interpreting sensory input

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4
Q

The Brocca’s area and premotor area are both located in which lobe

A

Frontal lobe

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5
Q

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called

A

an Axon

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6
Q

What organs make up the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

The region of the brain responsible for memory is the

A

Limbic system

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8
Q

The region of the cortex responsible for voluntary eye movements is located in the

A

Frontal lobe

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9
Q

The primary auditory area of the brain is found

A

lateral, on the temporal lobe

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10
Q

Define: Myelination

A

to speed the rate of propagation of an action potential

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11
Q

If you cut your finger, the region of the cortex that is able to detect and locate the feeling of the injury is the

A

Primary Somatosensory cortex

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12
Q

with organ serves as a major sensory relay station

A

the Thalamus

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13
Q

The correct propagation of an action potential through a neuron is:

A

dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

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14
Q

Which layer of the meninges is in contact with nervous tissue

A

Pia mater

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15
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

A

Prefrontal cortex

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16
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by somatic motor neurons to innervate a skeletal muscle

A

Achetylcholine

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17
Q

Define: Cerebellum

A

region of the brain responsible for coordination and balance

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18
Q

Broca’s area is associated with

A

controlling muscles for speech production

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19
Q

The primary visual cortex is located in the

A

occipital lobe

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20
Q

Define: CNS

A

is the source of thoughts and emotions and motor responses

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21
Q

Define the Function: Nervous system

A

Sensory input- Sensory receptors monitor changes and deliver the information as sensory input

Integration- Processes and interprets sensory input and decides on action to be taken

Motor output- Effectors (muscles and glands) and activated to produce a response

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22
Q

Name the Neuroglial cells of the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Define: Meninges

A

are 3 connective tissue membranes protecting the CNS

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24
Q

What are the 3 Meninges

A 
Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
Pia mater (inner)
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25
Name the layers protecting the brain in order
- periosteum - skull - dura mater - subdural space - arachnoid mater - subarachnoid space - pia mater
26
Define the Function: Cerebrospinal fluid
surrounds, nourishes and cushions the brain and spinal column
27
What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
28
What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected by
Corpus Callosum
29
What are each lob of the Cerebrum responsible for
Frontal- motor activity, behaviour, memory, speech and learning Parietal- mostly sensory Temporal- auditory, language, taste and smell Occipital- visual areas
30
What are the ridges and grooves in the brain called
Ridges- Gyri | Grooves- Sulci
31
Explain: Grey matter
The Cortex - unmyelinated axons and glia - neural cell bodies - dendrites
32
Explain: White matter
The Medulla | - myelinated axons bundled together
33
Explain: Basal Nuclei
centres of grey matter embedded in the white matter - for posture, muscle tone, involuntary muscle movements, normal motor functions and skill memory
34
What makes up the Diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal gland
35
What is the role of the Hippocampus
is responsible for sequential long term memory and planning
36
What is the role of the Amygdala
is responsible for short term memory, fear and aggression
37
Explain: Reticular Formation
entends through the centre of the pons and medulla - filters repetitive stimuli - maintains alertness
38
Explain: Cerebellum
Controls subconscious, smooth coordinated skeletal muscle contractions, body movements, balance and posture
39
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Primary motor cortex
voluntary skeletal muscle
40
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Premotor cortex
skilled motor activites
41
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Broca area
speech production
42
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Frontal eye field
voluntary eye movements
43
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Primary somatosensory cortex
location of sensory input on body
44
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Somatosensory association area
enables understanding of the object being felt based on shape, texture and size
45
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Primary visual cortex
enables vision
46
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Visual association area
enables objects to be recognised based on colour, form and movement (inc. memory)
47
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Primary auditory cortex
enables sound to be heard
48
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Auditory association area
interpretation of the sound
49
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Olfactory cortex
perception of smell
50
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Gustatory cortex
perception of taste
51
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Visceral sensory area
perception of visceral sensation
52
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Prefrontal area
intellect, complex learning, recall, personality etc
53
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Wernicke's area
involved in understanding written and spoken language
54
Region of the Brain Define the Function: Limbic association area
incorporates emotion to a situation
55
Which area of the brain is responsible for controlling heart rate
Medulla
56
Which cerebral lobe is the centre for personality, verbal communication and skeletal muscle control
Frontal lobe
57
Neurons The structures that receive impulses from other Neurons are...
dendrites
58
Which meninge forms the tough outer layer covering the brain
Dura Mater
59
Define the function: Myelin sheath
transmits nerve impulses more rapidly
60
What substances are released across the synaptic cleft to turn electrical signals into chemical ones
Neurotransmitters
61
What area of the brain is responsible for the production of speech
Brocca's area

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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