Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

Sympathetic n.s

Parasympathetic n.s

Question 2

What body structures make up the Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

• Sensory receptors
• Cranial and spinal nerves
• Ganglia (neuron cell bodies)

Question 3

Give examples: Sensory receptors

Answer 3

• Nociceptors (pain)
• Thermoreceptors (temp)
• Photoreceptors (light)
• Chemoreceptors (chemicals)

Question 4

What is the structure of a Neuron from one end to the other as an impulse travels along

Answer 4

Dendrites- Cell body- Axon- Schwann cell- Axon terminal- Synaptic cleft

Question 5

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Endoneurium

Answer 5

loose connective tissue that encloses individual axons and their myelin sheaths

Question 6

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Perineurium

Answer 6

coarse connective tissue that bundles fibres into fascicles

Question 7

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Epineurium

Answer 7

tough fibrous sheath around a nerve

Question 8

What are the 3 layers of a Nerve

Answer 8

• Endoneurium (inner- encloses axons)
• Perineurium (middle- encloses endoneurium)
• Epineurium (outer- sheath enclosing perineurium)

Question 9

How are nerves classified

Answer 9

according to the direction an impulse is travelling

Question 10

What are the 3 classifications of nerves

Answer 10

Mixed nerves- both sensory and motor fibres (impulse to and from CNS)

Sensory nerves- afferent, impulse towards CNS

Motor nerves- efferent, impulse away from CNS

Question 11

How many cranial nerves are there

Answer 11

12

Question 12

Explain: Cranial nerve 2/ Optic nerve

Answer 12

is a sensory nerve from the eye

Question 13

Explain: cranial nerve 8/ Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 13

is associated with the ear and is sensory for hearing and balance

Question 14

How many spinal nerves are there

Answer 14

31 pairs

Question 15

Define: Nerve Plexus

Answer 15

a cluster of interconnecting spinal nerves

Question 16

How many pairs of nerves are in each section of the spine

Answer 16

Cervical- 8 pairs
Thoracic- 12 pairs
Lumbar- 5 pairs
Sacral- 5 pairs
Coccygeal- 1 pair

Question 17

What are the 2 branches of the spinal nerves

Answer 17

Dorsal ramus- innervates the muscles and skin of the dorsal trunk

Ventral ramus- innervates muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs, skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of trunk

Question 18

Define: Ganglia

Answer 18

clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 19

What are the 2 types of Ganglia

Answer 19

Dorsal root ganglia (sensory, somatic)
Autonomic ganglia (motor, visceral)

Question 20

Define: Reflex

Answer 20

is a rapid response to a specific stimulus

Question 21

What are the 5 components of the reflex arc

Answer 21

Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effector

Question 22

Which PNS is voluntary

Answer 22

Somatic nervous system

Question 23

Which PNS is involuntary

Answer 23

Autonomic nervous system

Question 24

What does the autonomic ganglion do

Answer 24

joins 2 neurons

Question 25

Explain: Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

is responsible for the flight or fight response - is activated when we are excited, exercising or there is an emergency

Question 26

What are the physiological responses of the Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

- increased heart rate and BP - pupils dilate - sweating

Question 27

Where does the Preganglionic neuron of the Sympathetic NS originate

Answer 27

in the thoracic and lumbar region

Question 28

Where does the Preganglionic neuron of the Parasympathetic NS originate from

Answer 28

the cranial nerves (brain) and the sacral region

Question 29

Explain: Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

is the rest and digest response - is activated to relax the individual and conserve bodily energy

Question 30

What are the physiological responses of the Parasympathetic NS

Answer 30

- reduced heart rate and BP | - Increased salivation, urination, digestion and defaction

Question 31

Which Ganglions Axons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS are myelinated and unmyelinated

Answer 31

Preganglionic axon- myelinated | Postganglionic axon- nonmyelinated

Question 32

Acetylcholine is released by what neurons

Answer 32

Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic n.s

Question 33

Norepinephrine is released by what neurons

Answer 33

Postganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

Somatic Nervous System The neurotransmitter ACH targets what tissue

Answer 34

skeletal muscle

Question 35

Autonomic Nervous System The neurotransmitter ACH and NE target what tissue

Answer 35

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 36

What is the visual pathway light takes in the eye

Answer 36

Cornea- Lens- Retina- Iris

Question 37

What is the Hearing Pathway sound travels through the ear

Answer 37

outer ear (Pinna)- Tympanic membrane- Ossicles- Oval window- Choclea- Organ of corti- Cochlea nerve

Question 38

What is the Neural Pathways for Hearing once sound has reached the cochlear

Answer 38

Cochlear nerve- Midbrain- Thalamus- Primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 39

Explain: how Equilibrium is maintained

Answer 39

- Vestibule contains maculae - Macule register change in head position - Each semicircular canal has swelling called Ampulla - Ampulla detect rotational movements Sensory hairs of the Maculae and Ampulla are stimulated and impulses are transmitted to the brain via the vestibular nerve

Question 40

What are the 3 components responsible for maintaining Equilibrium

Answer 40

- Vestibule - Maculae - Ampulla

Question 41

What makes up the Peripheral nervous system

Answer 41

Somatic nervous system | Autonomic nervous system