The Cell

Question 1

cell theory tenets

Answer 1

1. ) all living things are composed of cells
2. ) the cell is the basic functional unit of life
3. ) cells arise only from preexisting cells

Question 2

viruses are not considered living things b/c they are [blank] and cannot [blank] without the assistance of a host cell

Answer 2

acellular// reproduce

Question 3

[blank] have membrane-bound organelles, a nucleus, and may form multicellular organisms

Answer 3

eukaryotes

Question 4

the cell membrane and membranes of organelles contain [blank] which organize to form hydrophilic interior and exterior surfaces with a hydrophobic core

Answer 4

phospholipids

Question 5

the [blank] suspends the organelles and allows diffusion of molecules throughout the cell

Answer 5

cytosol

Question 6

the [blank] contains DNA organized into chromosomes

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

the nucleus is surrounded by the [blank] or [blank], a double membrane that contains nuclear pores for two-way exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytosol

Answer 7

nuclear membrane// envelope

Question 8

the DNA is organized into coding regions called [blank]

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

the [blank] is a subsection of the nucleus in which ribosomal RNA is synthesized

Answer 9

nucleous

Question 10

[blank] contain an outer and inner membrane and is the power house of the cell; contains enzymes for the electron transport chain

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

[blank] contains hydrolytic enzymes that can break down substances ingested by endocytosis and cellular waste products

Answer 11

lysosomes

Question 12

when lysosomes are released, [blank] of the cell can occur

Answer 12

autolysis

Question 13

the [blank] is a series of interconnected membranes and is continuous with the nuclear envelope

Answer 13

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 14

the [blank] is studded with ribosomes, which permit translation of proteins destined for secretion

Answer 14

rough ER

Question 15

the [blank] is used for lipid synthesis and detoxification

Answer 15

smooth ER

Question 16

the [blank] consists of stacked membrane-bound sacs in which cellular products can be modified, packaged, and directed to specific cellular locations

Answer 16

golgi apparatus

Question 17

[blank] contain hydrogen peroxide and can break down very long chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation

Answer 17

peroxisomes

Question 18

the [blank] provides stability and rigidity to the overall structure of the cell, while also providing transport pathways for molecules within the cell

Answer 18

cytoskeleton

Question 19

[blank] are composed of actin; they provide structural protection for the cell and can cause muscle contraction through interactions with myosin

Answer 19

microfilaments

Question 20

[blank] are composed of tubulin; they create pathways for motor proteins like kinesin and dynein to carry vesicles; they also contribute to the structure of cilia and flagella

Answer 20

microtubules

Question 21

[blank] are found in centrosomes and are involved in microtubule organization in the mitotic spindle

Answer 21

centrioles

Question 22

[blank] are involved in cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of the integrity of the cytoskeleton; they help anchor organelles

Answer 22

intermediate filaments

Question 23

[blank] cover the body and line its cavities, protecting against pathogen invasion and desiccation

Answer 23

epithelial tissues

Question 24

in most organs, epithelial cells form the [blank], or the functional parts of the organ

Answer 24

parenchyma

Question 25

epithelial cells may be [blank], with one side facing a lumen or the outside world, and the other side facing blood vessels and structural cells

Answer 25

polarized

Question 26

different layers of the epithelia

Answer 26

1. ) simple
2. ) stratified
3. ) pseudostratified

Question 27

[blank] epithelia have one layer

Answer 27

simple

Question 28

[blank] epithelia have many layers

Answer 28

stratified

Question 29

[blank] epithelia appear to have multiple layers due to differences in cell heights, but actually have only one layer

Answer 29

pseudostratified

Question 30

different shapes of cells in the epithelia

Answer 30

1. ) cuboidal
2. ) columnar
3. ) squamous

Question 31

[blank] cells are cube-shaped

Answer 31

cuboidal

Question 32

[blank] cells are long and narrow

Answer 32

columnar

Question 33

[blank] cells are flat and scalelike

Answer 33

sqaumous

Question 34

[blank] support the body and provide a framework for epithelial cells

Answer 34

connective tissues

Question 35

in most organ, connective tissues form the [blank] or support structure by secreting materials to form an extracellular matrix

Answer 35

stroma

Question 36

different connective tissues

Answer 36

1. ) bone
2. ) cartilage
3. ) tendons
4. ) ligaments
5. ) adipose tissue
6. ) blood

Question 37

[blank] do not contain membrane-bound organelles; they contain their genetic material in a single circular molecule of DNA located in the nucleotide region

Answer 37

prokaryotes

Question 38

[blank] are often extremophiles, living in harsh environments and often use chemical sources of energy rather than light

Answer 38

archea

Question 39

[blank] have similar structure to eukaryotes and have complex relationships with humans, including pathogenesis

Answer 39

bacteria

Question 40

[blank] is the only non-prokaryotic domain

Answer 40

eukarya

Question 41

bacteria can be classified by these shapes

Answer 41

1. ) cocci
2. ) bacilli
3. ) spirilli

Question 42

[blank] are spherical bacteria

Answer 42

cocci

Question 43

[blank] are rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 43

bacilli

Question 44

[blank] are spiral shaped bacteria

Answer 44

spirilli