The Digestive System

Question 1

[blank] digestion involves the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to make energy

Answer 1

intracellular digestion

Question 2

[blank] digestion occurs in the lumen of the alimentary canal

Answer 2

extracellular digestion

Question 3

[blank] digestion is the physical breakdown of large food particles into smaller food particles

Answer 3

mechanical digestion

Question 4

[blank] digestion is the enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds, such as the peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of starches

Answer 4

chemical digestion

Question 5

pathway of the digestive tract

Answer 5

oral cavity (mouth) –> pharynx –> esophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> rectum

Question 6

the accessory organs of digestion include

Answer 6

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 7

the [blank] system is in the wall of the alimentary canal and controls peristalsis

Answer 7

enteric nervous system

Question 8

the enteric nervous system’s activity is upregulated by the [blank] nervous system and downregulated by the [blank] nervous system

Answer 8

parasympathetic// sympathetic

Question 9

[blank] and [blank] hormone promotes thirst

Answer 9

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)// aldosterone

Question 10

[blank] and [blank] hormone promotes hunger

Answer 10

glucagon// ghrelin

Question 11

[blank] and [blank] hormone promotes satiety

Answer 11

leptin// cholecystokinin

Question 12

[blank] starts the mechanical digestion of food and is also known as chewing

Answer 12

mastication

Question 13

[blank] and [blank] begin the chemical digestion of food in the oral cavity

Answer 13

salivary amylase// lipase

Question 14

once mechanical/ chemical digestion occurs, food is formed into a [blank] and swallowed

Answer 14

bolus

Question 15

the [blank] connects with the mouth and posterior nasal cavity to the esophagus

Answer 15

pharynx

Question 16

the [blank] propels food to the stomach using peristalsis

Answer 16

esophagus

Question 17

food enters the stomach through the [blank]

Answer 17

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 18

the stomach has four parts which include

Answer 18

the fundus, body, atrum, and pylorus

Question 19

the stomach has a [blank] and [blank] curvature and thrown into folds called [blank]

Answer 19

lesser// greater// rugae

Question 20

[blank] cells produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the stomach

Answer 20

mucous cells

Question 21

[blank] cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Answer 21

parietal cells

Question 22

[blank] is needed for vitamin B12 absorption

Answer 22

intrinsic factor

Question 23

[blank] secrete pepsinogen

Answer 23

chief cells

Question 24

[blank] is a protease activated by the acidic environment of the stomach

Answer 24

pepsinogen

Question 25

[blank] cells secrete gastrin

Answer 25

G-cells

Question 26

[blank] is a peptide hormone that increases HCl secretion and gastric motility

Answer 26

gastrin

Question 27

after mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach, the food particles are now called [blank]

Answer 27

chyme

Question 28

food passes into the duodenum through the [blank]

Answer 28

pyloric sphincter

Question 29

the [blank] is the first part of the small intestine and is primarily involved in chemical digestion

Answer 29

duodenum

Question 30

[blank] are brush-border enzymes that break down maltose, isomaltose, lactose, and sucrose into monosaccharides

Answer 30

disaccharidases

Question 31

brush-border peptidases include [blank] and [blank]

Answer 31

aminopeptidase// dipeptidase

Question 32

[blank] activates trypsinogen and procarboxypeptidases, initiating an activation cascade

Answer 32

enteropeptidase

Question 33

[blank] stimulates the release of pancreatic juices into the digestive tract and slows motility

Answer 33

secretin

Question 34

[blank] stimulates bile release from the gallbladder, release of pancreatic juices, and satiety

Answer 34

cholecystokinin

Question 35

[blank] cells in the pancreas produce pancreatic juices that contain biocarbonate, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidase and pancreatic lipase

Answer 35

acinar cells

Question 36

pancreatic peptidases include...

Answer 36

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase A and B

Question 37

the [blank] synthesizes bile

Answer 37

liver

Question 38

[blank] can be stored in the gallbladder or secreted into the duodenum directly

Answer 38

bile

Question 39

[blank] emulsifies fats, making them soluble and increasing their surface area

Answer 39

bile

Question 40

the main components of bile are [blank], [blank] and [blank]

Answer 40

bile salts// pigments// cholesterol

Question 41

the [blank] stores and concentrates bile

Answer 41

gallbladder

Question 42

the [blank] and [blank] of the small intestine are primarily involved in absorption

Answer 42

jejunum// ileum

Question 43

the small intestine is lined with [blank] which are covered with [blank] increasing the surface area available for absorption

Answer 43

villi// microvilli

Question 44

villi contain a [blank] and a [blank]

Answer 44

capillary bed and lacteal

Question 45

a [blank] is a vessel of the lymphatic system

Answer 45

lacteal

Question 46

water soluble compounds that enter the capillary bed include...

Answer 46

1. ) monosaccharides 2. ) amino acids 3. ) water-soluble vitamins 4. ) small fatty acids 5. ) water

Question 47

fat-soluble compounds that enter the lacteal include...

Answer 47

1. ) fats 2. ) cholesterol 3. ) fat-soluble vitamins

Question 48

the [blank] absorbs water and salts, forming semisolid feces

Answer 48

large intestine

Question 49

the [blank] is an outpocketing that accepts fluid from the small intestine through the [blank]

Answer 49

cecum// ileocecal valve

Question 50

the cecum is the site of attachment of the [blank]

Answer 50

appendix

Question 51

the [blank] is divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions

Answer 51

colon

Question 52

portions of the colon

Answer 52

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 53

the [blank] stores feces

Answer 53

rectum

Question 54

feces are excreted through the [blank]

Answer 54

anus

Question 55

gut bacteria produce [blank] and [blank]

Answer 55

vitamin K// biotin (vitamin B7)