The Cell Cycle vocab

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

The fourth stage of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

Question 2

Anchorage dependence

Answer 2

The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division

Question 3

Aster

Answer 3

A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis

Question 4

Benign tumor

Answer 4

A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumor’s origin

Question 5

Binary fission

Answer 5

A method of asexual reproduction in single called organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double its size and then divides into two cells. In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis, but in single called eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis is part of the process

Question 6

Cell cycle

Answer 6

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from into origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division in two. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of interphase and m phase

Question 7

Cell cycle control system

Answer 7

A cyclically operating set of molecules in the eukaryotic cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle

Question 8

Cell division

Answer 8

The reproduction of cells

Question 9

Cell plate

Answer 9

A membrane bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

In a duplicated chromosome, the region on each sister chromatid where it is mostly closely attached to its sister chromatid by proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, this lose attachment causes a constriction in the condensed chromosome

Question 11

Centrosome

Answer 11

A structure present in the ;cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a miscrotubule organizing center and its important during cell division. A centrosome has two centrioles

Question 12

Checkpoint

Answer 12

A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go ahead signals can regulate the cycle

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protien molecules. A eukaryotic cell typically has multiple, linear chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus. A prokaryotic cell often has a single, circular chromosome that is found in the nucleoid.

Question 15

Cleavage

Answer 15

The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. OR the succession of rapid cell divisions without significant development that convert the zygote to a ball of cells

Question 16

Cleavage furrow

Answer 16

The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell, a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.

Question 17

Cyclin

Answer 17

Idk

Question 18

Cyclin dependent kinase

Answer 18

Idk

Question 19

Cytokinesis

Answer 19

The division of one of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis 1 or meiosis 2

Question 20

Density dependent inhibition

Answer 20

The phenomenon observed in normal cells that Causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another

Question 21

G0 Phase

Answer 21

A nondividing state occupied by cells that have let the cell cycle, some times reversibly

Question 22

G1 Phase

Answer 22

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycel, consisting of the portion of the interphase before DNA synthesis begins

Question 23

G2 Phase

Answer 23

The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs

Question 24

Gamete

Answer 24

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction or produce a diploid zygote

Question 25

Genome

Answer 25

The genetic material of an organism or virus, the complete compliment of an organisms or viruses genes along with its noncoding nuclieic acid sequences

Question 26

Growth factor

Answer 26

a protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells, OR a local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation.

Question 27

Interphase

Answer 27

the period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.

Question 28

Kinetochore

Answer 28

A structure of proteins attached to the controversy that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle

Question 29

Malignant tumor

Answer 29

A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs

Question 30

Metaphase

Answer 30

The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosiomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochore , are all aligned at the metaphase plate

Question 31

Metaphase plate

Answer 31

An imaginary structure loacated at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are loacated

Question 32

Metastasis

Answer 32

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site

Question 33

Mitosis

Answer 33

The process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages, prohsase, prometaphse, metaphase, anaphase, and telpohasse. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocations replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.

Question 34

Mitotic phase

Answer 34

The phase of the cell cycel that includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 35

Mitotic spindle

Answer 35

An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved int he movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 36

MPF

Answer 36

Idk

Question 37

Origin of replication

Answer 37

Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 38

Pro Phase

Answer 38

The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact

Question 39

S phase

Answer 39

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle, the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

Question 40

Sister chromatids

Answer 40

Two copies of a duplicated chromosomes attached to each other by proteins at the centromere, and sometimes alon the areas. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis 1 or 2

Question 41

Somatic cell

Answer 41

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors

Question 42

Telophase

Answer 42

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun

Question 43

Transformation

Answer 43

The process by which a cell in culture acquires the ability to divide indefinitely, similar to the division of cancer cells, OR a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer