The influence of others 1 & 2 Flashcards Preview

psych 1X03 > The influence of others 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in The influence of others 1 & 2 Deck (27)
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1
Q

another individual performing the same task

A

co-actor

2
Q

a group of people watching an individual perform a task

A

audience

3
Q

the phenomenon that the presence of co-actors or an audience affected performance on a variety of tasks

A

social facilitation

4
Q

we learn appropriate behaviours by modeling and imitating the behaviour of others.

A

social learning theory

5
Q

causes us to imagine movement that never occurred ; an optic illusion

A

autokinetic effect

6
Q

the role of others in setting standards for our conduct based on a fear of rejection

A

normative function

7
Q

the role of others in providing information about an ambiguous situation

A

comparative function

8
Q

group decision making strengthens the original inclinations of the individual group members

A

group polarization

9
Q

a group decision making environment that occurs when group cohesiveness becomes so strong it overrides realistic appraisals of reality and alternative options

A

groupthink

10
Q

when each individual in a group see nobody responding in a given situation, they conclude that the situation is not an emergency

A

collective ignorance

11
Q

in deciding whether we have to act, we determine that someone else in the group is more qualified

A

diffusion of responsibility

12
Q

individuals seem to be less motivated when working in a group than when working alone

A

social loafing

13
Q

in a group situation, the loss of a sense of personal responsibility and restraint

A

Deindividuation

14
Q

well-reasoned, two-sided arguments; effective for academic audiences

A

central appeal

15
Q

proposed that we don’t necessarily have a special insight into ourselves. We sometimes have to figure out who we are in a way that is similar to how we figure out who others are.

A

self-perception theory

16
Q

It is an uncomfortable feeling to know that you did something for no reason

A

cognitive dissonance

17
Q

has three components: the communication, message, and audience

A

persuasion

18
Q

Start by asking for something completely unreasonable and then greatly scale back your request – a large request makes the smaller request seem all the more reasonable

A

door in the face

19
Q
  • a single initial agreement hiding a larger request

- Get your target to first agree to something small – following that, you can escalate the terms.

A

low ball

20
Q
  • First get the target to agree to something up front – once they’ve agreed, they’re committed- once they’re committed, they’re more likely to follow through
  • gradual escalation of agreements
A

foot in the door

21
Q

refers to an unselfish regard for the welfare of others, a willingness to put your neck on the line to help

A

altruism

22
Q

we are expected to reciprocate when someone else treats us well. We tend to return favours.

A

the norm of reciprocity

23
Q

as a member of society, we are expected to contribute to its welfare in a positive way.

A

the norm of social responsibility

24
Q

that altruism results from empathy

A

empathy-altruism hypothesis

25
Q

states that we help because we would feel distressed (and guilty) if we didn’t.

A

negative state relief model

26
Q

involves personal interaction; are engaged in an attempt to make others dislike someone

A

rational aggression

27
Q

involves behaviours that are directly confrontational; ex. hitting someone

A

hostile aggression