Topic 12: Diversity Of Protists

Question 1

How are excavata classified

Answer 1

Unicellular protists with modified mithochondria and possessing distinct flagella

Question 2

How is the SAR protist clade classified

Answer 2

Based on DNA similarities that likely evolved from 2 prime endosymbiosis. Abundant in oceans and contribute to diversity

Question 3

What does clade archaeplastida have

Answer 3

Red and green algae

Question 4

What does clade unikonta include?

Answer 4

Protists closely affiliated with fungi and animals

Question 5

Excavates are ___ and occupy all ____ forms, living various lifestyles

Answer 5

Unicellular,
Symbiotic

Question 6

What do excavates lack?

Answer 6

They lack a unifying set of cytoskeleton structures

Question 7

What are the three clades of excavata

Answer 7

Diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

Question 8

What make diplomonads and parabasalids closely related to one another?

Answer 8

They are unicellular and heterotrophic flagellates with distinct features

they lack plastids and live in anaerobic environments
Also have modified mitochondria

Question 9

Characteristics of diplomonads that distinguish themselves from parabasalids

Answer 9

• many species are parasitic
• reduced mitochondria

Question 10

What are the characteristics of parabasalids tht distinguish themselves from diplomonads?

Answer 10

• They have modified mitochondria
• responsible for vaginal infections

Question 11

What does the euglenozoan clade include?

Answer 11

Predatory heteroptrophs, photoautotrophs and parasites (this demonstrates diversity in ecological strategies

Question 12

What distinguishes euglenozoans from diplomonads a parabasalids

Answer 12

The presence of spiral/crystalline rods of unknown function inside their flagella

Question 13

What are the two subgroups of euglenozoans

Answer 13

Kinetoplastids
Euglenids

Question 14

What characterizes a kinetoplastid

Answer 14

Posses a sngle mitochondrion and have a large mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

Question 15

What characterizes euglenids

Answer 15

The presence of one or two flagella emerging from the pocket at one end of the cell

Some species have a Mixotrophic lifestyle (function both as autotrophs and heterotrophs)

Question 16

What are the three subgroups of clade alveolates?

Answer 16

Dinoflagellates, cilliates, and api complexes

Question 17

What is a common characteristic of clade aveolates

Answer 17

• presence of aveoli (membrane bound sacs)
• have a flat layer under the the membrane for flexibility

Question 18

The sar clade is ____ phyletic

Answer 18

Mono

Question 19

What is the sar clade classified with and what are its characteristics

Answer 19

• similarities in DNA
• play a role in eukaryotic diversity in the ocean
• believed to evolve from 2prime endosymbiosis

Question 20

Subgroup that is characterized by
- two flagella supporting cellulose plates
- have many nutrient modes (chemo, photo, mix, etc.)

Answer 20

Dinoflagellates

Question 21

What are apicomplexes

Answer 21

• parasites in animals
• propogate through sporozoites (infectious cell)
• uses an apex to penetrate the host’s cells and tissues
• complex ife cycle

Question 22

• diverse alveolate group
• use cilia for locomotion, feeding, etc.
• hetereotrophic
  -genetic diversity derived from conjugation (exchanging haploid micronuclei)

Answer 22

Cilliates

Question 23

A diverse unicellular protist (under the SAR clade) that are characterized by genetics rather than morphology

Answer 23

Rhizarians

Question 24

SAR clade branch that are ameobas, heterotrophs and non-monophyletic

Answer 24

Rhizarians

Question 25

What are the characteristics of the Stramenopile clade?

Answer 25

- photosynthestic organisms - unicellular flagellates

Question 26

Three groups under the stramenophile clade

Answer 26

Brown algae, oomycetes, and diatoms

Question 27

Sub group that: - lacks roots, leaves nd stems - have cellulose polyssacharides and acid - have alteration of generations for their life cycle

Answer 27

Brown algae

Question 28

Sub group that: - flamentous, heterotrophic - classified as fungi and have cellulose in their cell wall instead of chitin - decomposers or pathogens in wet and moist environments

Answer 28

Oomycetes

Question 29

Sub group that: - major contributor to carbon fixation in the ocean - characterized by their glass-like cell wall (stackd in two) - diverse unicellular algae - component in marine plankton

Answer 29

Diatoms