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BIOL 108 > Topic 12: Diversity Of Protists > Flashcards

Topic 12: Diversity Of Protists Flashcards

1
Q

How are excavata classified

A

Unicellular protists with modified mithochondria and possessing distinct flagella

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2
Q

How is the SAR protist clade classified

A

Based on DNA similarities that likely evolved from 2 prime endosymbiosis. Abundant in oceans and contribute to diversity

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3
Q

What does clade archaeplastida have

A

Red and green algae

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4
Q

What does clade unikonta include?

A

Protists closely affiliated with fungi and animals

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5
Q

Excavates are ___ and occupy all ____ forms, living various lifestyles

A

Unicellular,
Symbiotic

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6
Q

What do excavates lack?

A

They lack a unifying set of cytoskeleton structures

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7
Q

What are the three clades of excavata

A

Diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

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8
Q

What make diplomonads and parabasalids closely related to one another?

A

They are unicellular and heterotrophic flagellates with distinct features

they lack plastids and live in anaerobic environments
Also have modified mitochondria

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9
Q

Characteristics of diplomonads that distinguish themselves from parabasalids

A
  • many species are parasitic
  • reduced mitochondria
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of parabasalids tht distinguish themselves from diplomonads?

A
  • They have modified mitochondria
  • responsible for vaginal infections
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11
Q

What does the euglenozoan clade include?

A

Predatory heteroptrophs, photoautotrophs and parasites (this demonstrates diversity in ecological strategies

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12
Q

What distinguishes euglenozoans from diplomonads a parabasalids

A

The presence of spiral/crystalline rods of unknown function inside their flagella

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13
Q

What are the two subgroups of euglenozoans

A

Kinetoplastids
Euglenids

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14
Q

What characterizes a kinetoplastid

A

Posses a sngle mitochondrion and have a large mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

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15
Q

What characterizes euglenids

A

The presence of one or two flagella emerging from the pocket at one end of the cell

Some species have a Mixotrophic lifestyle (function both as autotrophs and heterotrophs)

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16
Q

What are the three subgroups of clade alveolates?

A

Dinoflagellates, cilliates, and api complexes

17
Q

What is a common characteristic of clade aveolates

A
  • presence of aveoli (membrane bound sacs)
  • have a flat layer under the the membrane for flexibility
18
Q

The sar clade is ____ phyletic

A

Mono

19
Q

What is the sar clade classified with and what are its characteristics

A
  • similarities in DNA
  • play a role in eukaryotic diversity in the ocean
  • believed to evolve from 2prime endosymbiosis
20
Q

Subgroup that is characterized by
- two flagella supporting cellulose plates
- have many nutrient modes (chemo, photo, mix, etc.)

A

Dinoflagellates

21
Q

What are apicomplexes

A
  • parasites in animals
  • propogate through sporozoites (infectious cell)
  • uses an apex to penetrate the host’s cells and tissues
  • complex ife cycle
22
Q
  • diverse alveolate group
  • use cilia for locomotion, feeding, etc.
  • hetereotrophic
    -genetic diversity derived from conjugation (exchanging haploid micronuclei)
A

Cilliates

23
Q

A diverse unicellular protist (under the SAR clade) that are characterized by genetics rather than morphology

A

Rhizarians

24
Q

SAR clade branch that are ameobas, heterotrophs and non-monophyletic

A

Rhizarians

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the Stramenopile clade?

A
  • photosynthestic organisms
  • unicellular flagellates
26
Q

Three groups under the stramenophile clade

A

Brown algae, oomycetes, and diatoms

27
Q

Sub group that:
- lacks roots, leaves nd stems
- have cellulose polyssacharides and acid
- have alteration of generations for their life cycle

A

Brown algae

28
Q

Sub group that:

  • flamentous, heterotrophic
  • classified as fungi and have cellulose in their cell wall instead of chitin
  • decomposers or pathogens in wet and moist environments
A

Oomycetes

29
Q

Sub group that:
- major contributor to carbon fixation in the ocean
- characterized by their glass-like cell wall (stackd in two)
- diverse unicellular algae
- component in marine plankton

A

Diatoms

BIOL 108 (27 decks)

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