Topic 18: Kingdom Fungi

Question 1

What are the three shared characteristics of fungi

Answer 1

• absorptive chemoheterotrophs
• have hyyphae and mycellia
• chitin cell wall

Question 2

What can fungi digest?

Answer 2

Chitin, lignin, keratin and cellulose

Question 3

What are most fungi characterized by?

Answer 3

Classified by their hyphae (branched fillaments) that absorb nutrients

Question 4

What is hyphae?

Answer 4

Thread like multicellular filaments that collectively form mycellia

Question 5

What happens whn fungi come across a source of food

Answer 5

Their hyphae join together to create mycellium, which aids in nutrient absorption

Question 6

What is mycellium?

Answer 6

A network of hyphae

Question 7

Hyphae grow at their ____

Answer 7

Tips

Question 8

What is the hypae protected by?

Answer 8

Protected by chitin and glucosamine polymers in their cell wall

Question 9

Fungi type that is The earliest fungal lineage that have coenycytic (aseptate). Lack septa and no walls within their hyphae. A continous compartment of nuclei

Answer 9

Coenocytic fungi

Question 10

Fungi group that have septa (cross-walls) which divide cytoplasm into separate cells. Most fungi are this type

Answer 10

Septate fungi

Question 11

Fungi type that has a single nuclei per cell

Answer 11

Septate fungi

Question 12

Fungi reproduce and disperse by ___

Answer 12

Spores

Question 13

Fungal mycellia are ____ and produce ____ spores that grow and produce ___

Answer 13

Haploud (1n)
Haploid (1n)
Hyphae

Question 14

Fungi life cycle has ____ and ___

Answer 14

Karyogamy
Plasmogamy

Question 15

Plasmogamy

Answer 15

The life stage in a fungi where th cytoplasm fuses

Question 16

KAryogamy

Answer 16

Lifee cycle stage of a fungi where fusion of the nuclei occurs

Question 17

Heterokaryotic stage

Answer 17

Stage in between karyogamy and plasmogamy where genetically different haploid nuclei coexist in a single cell

Question 18

Fungi nuclei are ___

Answer 18

Haploid (1n)

Question 19

Septate hphae are ___karyotic

Answer 19

Mono

Question 20

Coenocytic hyphae are ____karyotic

Answer 20

Homo

Question 21

What makes sexual reproduction different in fungi

Answer 21

Sexual reproduction involves hyphae of different mating types and use sexual signalling molecules (phermones) to communicate their mating types

Question 22

Stage in fungi reproduction in between plasmogamy and karyogamy that cohabit multiple genetically distinct haploid cells

Answer 22

Heterokaryon

Question 23

What is sexaul reproduction in septate fungi like

Answer 23

Haploid nuclei pair together in mitosis to form dikaryotic mycellium that contain two nuclei per cell

Question 24

What do fugi lack in sexual repoduction

Answer 24

Diploid multicellular stage

Question 25

What is the purpose off separating plasmogay from karyogamy?

Answer 25

Ensures that mating protocols and spore producton happen at the best times

Question 26

3 methofs of asexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 26

- fragmentation - asexual spores - budding

Question 27

True or false Fungi are the most closely related to unicellular nucleariids

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Aquatic phagotrophs that feed on bacteria and unicellular algae. Characterized as non flagellated, sperical or flat amoeba , have radiating filopodia

Answer 28

Nucleariids

Question 29

The most diverse eukaryotic group

Answer 29

Fungi

Question 30

What are the 5 kinds of fungi

Answer 30

- chytrids - zygomycetes - glomeromycyetes - Ascomycetes - Basidomycetes

Question 31

Thiss group of fungi: - are decomposers, pradators and mutualists - basal taxon - mostly unicellular - have motile flagellated asexual spores - paraphyletic

Answer 31

Chytrids

Question 32

What kind of spores do chytrid have

Answer 32

Zoospore (motile, flagellated axsexual spores

Question 33

This group of fungi - make hyphae without mycelia - coenocytic - produce sexual and make zygosporangia

Answer 33

Zygomycetes

Question 34

Where do karyogamy and meisosi occur in a zygomycete

Answer 34

In the zygosporangia

Question 35

This fungi group: - establishes symbiotic relationships with plants - produce asexually with asexual spores - monophyletic, low diversit -mhave myorrhizal relationships with plants

Answer 35

Glomeromycetes

Question 36

What makes the dikarya group distinct from the rest of the fungi group

Answer 36

They have septate hyphae and make dikaryotic hyphae after plasmogamy (they have an extra step after heterokaryomy)

Question 37

What are the two groups under dikarya

Answer 37

Ascomycetes and basidomycetes

Question 38

Differeces in dikaryotic life spam in ascomycetes and basidomycetes

Answer 38

Ascomycetes and a short lived dikayron period compared to basidomycetes

Question 39

Where are sexual spores made and contained in in ascomycetes

Answer 39

Sexual spores are made in asci (sac structure) and they are contained in ascocarps (the fruiting body)

Question 40

Do ascomycetes reproduce asexually or sexually

Answer 40

Asexually

Question 41

What are asexual spores called in ascomycetes

Answer 41

Conidia

Question 42

Is conidia (asexual spores) formed in the sporangia

Answer 42

No, they are produced at the tips of specialized hyphae called conidiophores

Question 43

Fungi group - typically decomposers - club shaped figure - Sexual reproduction - fruiting body is basidiocarps

Answer 43

Basidomycetes