Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 108 > Topic 22: Lophotrochozoa > Flashcards

Topic 22: Lophotrochozoa Flashcards

1
Q

what clade do most animals with bilateral symmertry belong to?

A

clade bilateria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are bilateral animals tripoblastic or dipoblastic

A

tripoblastic, because they have a mesoderm layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what embryotic layer leads to the formation of mucsles and internal organs

A

the mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two major groups in clade bilateria

A

prostosomes and deuterostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do most bilaterians possess

A

coelom (body cavity) and a digestive tract with a mouth and an anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how are bilaterians strongly differentiated?

A

they are differentiaed along their anterior-prosterior axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does this differentiation along the anterior posteriro axis facilitate in?

A

directional motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

term to describe the anterior region as a head regionand or the concentration of neuro ganglia (the brain)

A

cephalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does cephalization involve the concentration of?

A

involves the concentration of nueral ganglia, which form the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

do sessile bilaterians have increased or reduced cephalization?

A

reduced bestie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is basal to bilaterians

A

phylum acoela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is acoela

A

marine worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

characteristics of acoela

A
  • small flattened body with minimal cephalization and no brain
  • no body cavity (coelem or hemocoel) and complex organ systems
  • simple digestive system with a mouth but no anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the type of digestion that acoela undergo

A

endocellular digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is clade lophotropchoza defined? and why?

A

defined by molecukar phylogeny since they have no unifying characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clade with the widest range of different body plans

A

lophotropchoza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the characteristics of fphylum platyhelminthes

A
  • simple body plan
  • lack of fluid filled cavities
  • incomplete digestive tract
  • no anus
  • no circulatory or gas exchange systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

two lineages of flatworms

A

cetenulida (chain worms) and Phabditophora ( parasitic flatworms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

free-living rhabditophora (parasitic flatworms) that inhabit freshwater

A

planarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

characteristics of planerians

A
  • anteriror cephalization,
  • paired ganglia (dense cluster of nerve cells) that extend to a pair of ventral nerve chords (from a cephalized nerve net)
  • no anus
  • hermaphodites (asexually or sexually)
  • ## -gastrovascular cavity with one opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where do parasitic rhabditophorans live?

A

inside or on other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

characteristics of parasitic rhibditophora

A
  • live in or on other animals
  • use suckers and hooks to attatch to prey
  • have a complex life cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

difference between intermediate host and definitive host

A

intermediate: asexual reproduction occurs
definitive: parasite undergoes sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

two important groups in parasitic rhabditophora

A

tapeworms and trematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

characteristics of trematodes

A
  • parasite
  • complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual stages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

characteristics of tapeworms

A
  • parasites of vertebrae
  • lack a digestive system and depend on the host’s digestive system
  • scolex has suckers and hooks
  • scholex is a long chain of segments (proglottids) with hermaphodite sex organs
  • complex life cycle
25
Q

a unique feeding structure lophophorates that is a fan of ciliated tentacles sourrounding the mouth

A

lophophore

26
Q

do lophophorates have a coelom?

A

yes

27
Q

two phyla of lophophorates

A

ectoprocta and brachiopoda, both are aquatic

28
Q

shared characteristics of locophorates (ectoprocta and brachiopoda)

A

sessile and motile, have planktonic larval stages after sexual reproduction

29
Q

sessile colonial animals that resemble coral, mostly encased in a hard exoskeleton, capable of sexual and asexual reproduction, and are suspension feeders using a retractable lophophore

A

ectoprots

30
Q

what are ectoprots

A

sessile colonial animals that resemble coral, mostly encased in a hard exoskeleton, capable of sexual and asexual reproduction, and are suspension feeders using a retractable lophophore

31
Q

phylum that resembles bivalve molluscs, suspension feeders using paired lophophores and have a complete gut and anal orpening

A

brachiopods

32
Q

what characterizes phylum mollusca?

A

soft bodied animals protected by a hard calcareous shell (this shell is reduced in most taxa)
examples: snails, slugs, octopus, squids oysters, clams

33
Q

primary parts that is a shared common body plan that all molluscs share

A
  1. muscular ventral foot (locomotion)
  2. visceral mass above the foot containing organs
  3. mantle (thin tissue layer that secretes the shell) with a reduced coelom
34
Q

descirbe the body plan of a mollusc

A

unsegemented body and has gills in the mantle cavity for gas exchange and sometimes feeding

35
Q

how do molluscs feed?

A

with a radula

36
Q

do molluscs have a closed or open circulatory system

A

open circulatory system

37
Q

phylum with a cilliated trochophore larval stage

A

molluscs

38
Q

four major classes of molluscs

A

-polyplacophora (chitons),
-gastropoda (snail and slugs),
-bivalvia (clams oyster and other bivalves) and
- cephalopoda (quids octopus and chamberes nautiluses)

39
Q

class that are oval chaled marine animals with a protective shell consisting of eight dorsal plates and use their feet as suctions cups to adhere to surfaces

A

chiton

40
Q

class that is aquatic and terrestiral, terestiral species lack gills and have a single coiled tubular shell secreted by the mantle

A

class gastropoda

41
Q

how do glastropoda sepcies move?

A

use muscular motions of the ventral foor or by cilia action

42
Q

do gastropoda have strong or weak cephalization, and what does this mean?

A

they have strong cephalization
this means that they have a well developed head, mouth, nueral ganglia (brain, antannae and eyes

43
Q

class that is aquatic and a shell that devides into two halves that are drawn together bt adductor muscles. some are motile and some are sessile

A

class bivalvia

44
Q

what kind of feeders or bivalvia

A

suspension feeders

they use gills in the mantle cavity for feeding and gas exchange

45
Q

do bivalvia lack or have cephalization?

A

lack

46
Q

class that does not have an external shell and have long tentacles arranged in the mouth. they have complex cephalization and hatch as direct-developing juveniles (minimal adults at birth)

A

class cephalopoda (octopuses squids, etc.)

47
Q

cephalopoda have a fused tube of the mantle that fired a jet of water for locomotion

A

siphon

48
Q

class that are the only molluscs with a closed circulatory system

A

cephalopoda

49
Q

characteristics about class cephalopoda

A

only class that does not have an external shell and have long tentacles arranged in the mouth. they have complex cephalization and hatch as direct-developing juveniles (minimal adults at birth)

50
Q

name of the phylum containing segmented worms

A

phylum annelida

51
Q

two major clades of phylum annelida

A

errantiansand sedentarians

52
Q

characteristics of annelida

A
  • segmented body separated by partitions called septa,
  • fluid filled coelom that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
  • have cephalization
  • closed circulatory system
53
Q
  • segmented body separated by partitions called septa,
  • fluid filled coelom that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
  • have cephalization
  • closed circulatory system
A

clade annelida

54
Q

what are some characteristics of errantians?

A
  • have parapodia (paddle or ridge like structures on each body segment
  • differentiated head with sensory antennae and eyes
  • reproduce sexually by free-spawning
55
Q
  • mobile predatory marine organisms
  • have parapodia (paddle or ridge like structures on each body segment
  • differentiated head with sensory antennae and eyes
  • reproduce sexually by free-spawning
A

clade errantians (centipede)

56
Q

what are some characteristics of sedetarians (leeches and earthworms)

A
  • less motile
  • lack parapodia
  • reduced cephalization
  • undergo direct development without a trochophore larval stage
57
Q
  • less motile
  • lack parapodia
  • reduced cephalization
  • undergo direct development without a trochophore larval stage
A

clade sedetarians

58
Q

what are some characteristics of leeches

A
  • lack parapodia and chaetae
  • simultaneous hermaphodites
  • reproduce via reciprocol fererilazation
  • direct development
  • parasites
59
Q

how do earthworms feed

A
  • ingest soil and dead organic matter
60
Q

what do earthworms lack? what do they possess?

A

they lack parapodia and four pair of chaetae per body segemtn

61
Q

how do earthworms and leeches reproduce

A

reproduce via recipricol fertilization and undergo direct development, but earthworms do not free-spawn

BIOL 108 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions