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BIOL 108 > Topic 21: Porifera And Cnidaria > Flashcards

Topic 21: Porifera And Cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is phylu porifera? (Sponges)

A

Basal animals that lack true tissues

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2
Q

Sponges are sessile, in what stage are they ot sessile?

A

The larvae stage (motile)

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3
Q

Sponges are known to lack true tissues, what are some examples?

A

No internal organs, no circulatory system, no nervous system, muscles, etc.

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4
Q

What are two structures a sponge is supported by?

A

Spicules ad spongin

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5
Q

What are spicules

A

tiny needles or rods of silica
or calcium carbonate that maintain the
shape and structure of the sponge.

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6
Q

What is spongn?

A

Fibrous collagen-protein network for support

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7
Q

Identify the four simple cell types in a sponge

A

Choanocytes, amoebocytes, porocytes, and epidermal cells

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8
Q

What are choanocytes

A

Cells that line the inner cavity of the sponhe (spongocoel).
Generates water currents by beating their flagella, capture food particles, deliver nutrients and oxygen to the sponge and remove waste and CO2

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9
Q

Ameobocytes

A

-Found in the mesophyl
-transports nutrients to other cells in the sponge, make skeletal fibres (spicules) and can differentiate into different cell types

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10
Q

Epidermal cells

A

Form te outer layer of the sponge, they consist of tightly packed cells

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11
Q

What are porocytes

A

Tubular cells that make up the pores of a sponge that allow water to flow through

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12
Q

What is the mesophyl latyer of the sponge?

A

A gel-like, non cellular matrix that separates epidermis and choanocyte layers

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13
Q

What two cellular ayers does the body of a sponge consist of?

A

Epidermis and choanocyte layer with a mesophyl layer in between

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14
Q

Gel-like substance that provides structural support to the sponge

A

Mesophyl

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15
Q

What does the mesophyl contain?

A

Amebocytes and skeletal elements (spicules and spongin) deposited by amoebocytes

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16
Q

What kind of of feeders are sponges, and what does it mean by their feeding type?

A

Sponges are suspension feeders
The capture food particles in the water

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17
Q

How is water drawn in a sponge?

A

By beating their choanocyte flagella through pores (ostia) into a cavity (spongocoel) through an opening (osculum)

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18
Q

Besides flagella, what do collarcells/choanocytesdo to extract food particles ?

A

They use a muscus covered microvlli which engulf their food particles via phagocytosis and digested internally or transferred to amoebocytes

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19
Q

Most sponges possess both male and female reproductive parts, what is the appropriate term for this?

A

Hermaphrodites

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20
Q

What do sponges lack?

A
  • true tissues
  • organ systems
  • reproductive systems
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21
Q

Gonads

A

Reproductive organs

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22
Q

In sponges, where do the sperm and the egg develop from?

A

Sperm-modified choanocytes
Eggs- modified ameobocytes

23
Q

Are most sponges able to self-fertilize?

A

No

24
Q

Is it more common for a sponge to fertilize externally or internally?

A

Internally

25
Q

In a sponge, what do the zygotes develop into?

A

Motile ciliated larvae (within the mesophyl)

26
Q

Whar are the two ways that sponges can reproduce asexually?

A

Fragmentation or budding

27
Q

What simple cell capturres sperm cells and where does it go

A

Sperm cells are captured by choanocytes
after that it goes to the amoebocytes then the mesophyl (where the eggs are)

28
Q

Clade that characterized by the prescence of tissues

A

Clade eumetazoa

29
Q

Basal eumetasoan phyla

A

Ctenophora and cnidaria

30
Q

What makes basal eumetozoans more different than the rest of those in the clade?

A

No centralized nervous system r cephalization

31
Q

what do mmost eumetazoans exhibit?

A

radial symmetry and are diploblastic

32
Q

what phylum is one of the earliest descendants of eumetazoa?

A

phylum cnidaria

33
Q

what characterizes cnidarians

A

simple radially symmetrical dipoblastic body plan

34
Q

what is the body plan of a cnidarian?

A

sac-like body plan with a central gastrovascular cavity (digestive compartment)

35
Q

what does the opening to the gastrovascular cavity do?

A

functions as a mouth and anus

36
Q

phylum with tentacles containing stinging cells (cnidocytes)

A

cnidaria

37
Q

what does the body of the cnidarian phylum have with layers?

A

their outer layer is derived from the ectoderm and an inner gastrodermis derived from the endoderm

38
Q

how is the epidermis and gastrodermic separated?

A

by meoglea (middle jelly)

39
Q

what is mesoglea?

A

a jelly, non-cellular matrix

40
Q

how does gas exhcange occur in cnidarians

A

diffusion across the epidermis

41
Q

what are the two variations of body plans in the cnidarian phylum?

A

sessile polyp and a motile medusa

42
Q

a body plan that attatches to substrate, oral end upwards (sea anenome)

A

sessile polyp

43
Q

bell shaped-body plan that moves freely in water by a hydrostatic skeleton, oral end is downwards

A

motile-medusa

44
Q

what kind of animals are cnidarians

A

predators

45
Q

in cnidaria, what are the tentacles armed with?

A

cnidocytes

46
Q

what are nematocytes

A

complex organelles in cnidarians that deliver stinging tocins

47
Q

what are the two early clades in cnidarians

A

clade medusa and clade anthozoa

48
Q

clade that alternate between polyp and medusa form in their life cycle

A

medusazoa

49
Q

how do medusae reproduce and how are medusae made?

A

reproduce by sexual reproduction, created by budding from polyps

50
Q

what is the most predominant stage in a jellyfish’s life style?

A

medusa

51
Q

what is the difference in life cycle of scyphozoans and cubozoans

A

coastal scyphozoans have a shorter polyp stage. oceanic species have no polyp stage

52
Q

clade with sea anenomes and corals

A

anthozoans

53
Q

clade that only occurs as polyps

A

anthozoans

BIOL 108 (27 decks)

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