Topic 16

Question 1

____ are the dominant primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 1

Gymnosperms

Question 2

____ consist of an embryo and nutrients surrounding in a protective coat

Answer 2

Seeds

Question 3

Shared derived traits of seed plants

Answer 3

Reduced gametophytes
Heterospory
Ovules
Pollen
Seeds

Question 4

Do seed plants have independant or dependant gametphyte compared to bryopytes

Answer 4

Dependant gametophyte

Question 5

What does reduced gametophyte cause in plants

Answer 5

A reduction in size and independance sompared to the spropophyte.

Question 6

All seed plants are _____

Answer 6

Heterosporous

Question 7

_______ produce _____ that produce male gametophytes

Answer 7

Microsporangia
Microspores

Question 8

_____ produce _____ which pgive rise to female gametophytes by meiosis

Answer 8

Megasporngia
Megaspores

Question 9

Where are spores located in a seed plant

Answer 9

They are retained in the sporophyte and not dispersed in seed plants

Question 10

What does an ovule consist of?

Answer 10

Megasporium (2n), megaspore (1n) and one or more protective integuments (2n)

Question 11

Gymnosperms have ____ integument,
Angiosperms usually have ____ integument

Answer 11

One
Two

Question 12

Ovules develop into seeds after ___

Answer 12

Fertilization

Question 13

A megaspore is enclosed in a protective ____

Answer 13

Integument

Question 14

Are megaspores dispersed? And why?

Answer 14

No because they are retained in protective integument tissue

Question 15

____ develop into male gametophytes within ____ _____

Answer 15

Microspores,
Pollen grains

Question 16

Does pollen grain = male gametophyte?

Answer 16

No because pollen grains carries the male gametophyte

Question 17

Microsporangium (2n) produce microspores (1n) by what process?

Answer 17

Meiosis

Question 18

Microspores undergo ___ to produce tiny male gametophytes

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

what do pollen grains contain in seed plants?

Answer 19

• male gametophyte
• generative cell
• tube cell

Question 20

What happens to the generativecell and the tube cell after polllination?

Answer 20

These structures become the sperm nuclei and a pollen tube

Question 21

Are microspores dispersed?

Answer 21

No, they develop into pollen grains

Question 22

What does a seed contain generation wise?

Answer 22

The next generation sporophyte. The outer shell contains the previous generation

Question 23

What does pollination help transport

Answer 23

Helps transport pollen to the ovule for fertilization

Question 24

Do seedless plants require water for fertilization?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What happens when the pollen grain germinates?

Answer 25

Give rise to a pollen tube that discharge sperm nuclei (without flagella) into the female gametophyte in the ovule

Question 26

Seeds are the dispersal stage for seedless plants, true or false?

Answer 26

False, this statement only applies to seed plants

Question 27

Are seeds in seed plants more advantageous than spores

Answer 27

Yes, seeds are larger in size compared to spores

Question 28

Two clades of seed plants

Answer 28

Gymnosperms (naked seeds) and angiosperms

Question 29

List the four phyla of gynosperms, are they monophyletic or paraphyletic?

Answer 29

Cycadophta, gingkophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta Monophyletic

Question 30

Traits of phylum cycadophyta

Answer 30

- used to be diverse and demoninant (in mesozoic period) but are now small populations in the tropics and many species are endangered - grow very slowly - have larger palm-like leaves and short unbranched stems - have flagellated sperm (like ginkos)

Question 31

Traits about phylum ginkophyta

Answer 31

- only one species - have bi-lobed leaves (heart shaped) Have male and female sporophyte that are wind pollinated - flagellated sperm - no wild populations

Question 32

Traits about phylum gnetophyta

Answer 32

- have three genera - porphologically diverse are are adapted to many environments

Question 33

Traits of phylum coniferophyta

Answer 33

- many are evergreens - don’t drop leaves in autumn, some do (deciduous) - adapted to cold , dry habitats - have thick cuticles, reduced leaf surface area - xylem tissues have resistance to collapsing

Question 34

What are the three key features of gynosperm life cycles

Answer 34

- dominant sporophyte generation - develop seed from fertilized ovules - transfer male gametophytes by pollen (They are seed plants)