Trematodes Flashcards by Erin Burton

Fasciola hepatica

Host: Herbivorous animals (cows)
Location: Common bile duct
1st IH: Lymnaea truncatula
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation
There does appear to be resistance of F. hepatica to triclabendazole
Clorsulon only thing available in USA
Albendazole from cattle at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight and from sheep at 7.5 mg/kg.

USA

Fasciolidae

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Fascioloides magna

Host: WTD
Location: Liver in cysts that connect with bile duct
1st IH: Lymnaeid snail (e.g. Galba or Lymnaea spp.)
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation

USA and Europe

Fasciolidae

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Fasciola gigantica

Host: Domestic ruminants (cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep) & humans
Location Bile ducts
1st IH: lymnaeid snails
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation

Only in Africa

Fasciolidae

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Fasciolopsis buski

Host: Humans and pigs
Location: Small intestine
1st IH: Segmentina, Hippeutis, Gyraulus species
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation

Asia

Fasciolidae

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Paramphistomum cervi

Rumen fluke
Host: Ruminants
Location: Rumen
1st IH: Physa, Bulinus, Galba, and Pseudosuccinea
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation
Clorsulon at 2 mg/kg in combination with ivermectin at 0.2 mg/kg was ineffective in treating immature rumen flukes

Paramphistomidae

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Cotylophoron sp.

Rumen fluke
Host: Ruminants
Location: Rumen
1st IH: Bulinus or Indoplanorbis species
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation

Paramphistomidae

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Calicophoron calicophorum

Rumen fluke
Host: Ruminants
Location: Rumen
1st IH: Bulinus or Indoplanorbis species
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation
Hexachlorophene in a single dose of 20 mg/kg and oxyclozanide in two doses of 19 mg/kg 3 days apart were highly efficient against juvenile and adult paramphistome flukes, in cattle

Paramphistomidae

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Gastrodiscoides hominis

Host: Humans, pigs, and monkeys
Location:Cecum and colon
1st IH: Helicorbis spp.
2nd IH: Metacercariae on vegetation

Paramphistomidae

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Nanophyetus salmincola

Host: Dogs & cats
Location: Intestines
1st IH: Oxytrema silicula,
2nd IH: salmonid fishes
Praziquantel, 7 to 38 mg administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly

PNW USA

Troglotrematidae; Transmits Salmon Poisoning Disease

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Paragonimus kellicotti

Host: Dogs & cats
Location: Lungs, in pairs
1st IH: Pomatiopsis lapidaria
2nd IH: freshwater crabs and crayfish
Praziquantel, 23 mg/kg three times a day for 3 days or Fenbendazole, 50 mg/kg for 10 to 14 days

Eastern USA

Troglotrematidae

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Cryptocotyle lingua

Host: gulls and terns, produces severe enteritis in dogs, foxes, and minks
Location: Intestine
1st IH: Littorina littorea
2nd IH: Fish (Cause “black spot disease”), this is in cunner

Heterophyidae

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Metagonimus yokogawai

Host: Humans, dogs, cats, pigs, and other fish-eating mammals.
Location: Small intestine
1st IH: Semisulcospira spp., Thiara spp.
2nd IH: sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis, carp, trout

Heterophyidae

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Opisthorchis felineus

former name: Opisthorchis tenuicollis

Siberian liver fluke
Host: Fish-eating mammals, including humans, cats, dogs, foxes, pigs, and other carnivores.
Location: Bile ducts
1st IH: Bithynia tentaculata
2nd IH: Freshwater fish
Praziquantel in dogs and cats at 30 mg/kg orally once daily

Asia and Europe

Opisthorchiidae

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Metorchis albidus

Host: Fox and pigs
Location: Bile ducts
1st IH: Bithynia tentaculata
2nd IH: Freshwater fish

USA

Opisthorchiidae

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Parametorchis complexus

Host: Fox and pigs
Location: Bile ducts
1st IH: Bithynia tentaculata
2nd IH: Freshwater fish

Opisthorchiidae

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Clonorchis sinensis

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Host: Dogs and cats
Location: Bile ducts
1st IH: Bithynia tentaculata and Parafossarulus, Alocinma spp.
2nd IH: Freshwater fish

Asia

Opisthorchiidae

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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Host: sheep, cattle, pigs, deer, llamas, alpacas, woodchucks, and cottontail rabbits
Location: bile duct–> can cause fibrosis
1st IH: Cionella lubrica
2nd IH: Formica fusca (ant)
Albendazole administered orally to sheep at 15 to 20 mg/kg

Dicrocoeliidae

Platynosomum fastosum

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Host: Cats
Location: Bile duct and gall bladder
1st IH: terrestrial snails
2nd IH: Pill bugs
Paratenic: lizards, toads, geckos, and skinks
associated with the development of cholangiocarcinomas in cats
Praziquantel 20 mg/kg markedly reduced the number of Platynosomum eggs passed in the feces of cats

Caribbean and Souther USA

Dicrocoeliidae

Eurytrema procyonis

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Host: Raccoon, occasionally cats
Location: Pancreatic duct
1st IH: terrestrial snails
2nd IH: orthopteran insects (grasshoppers, crickets)
Paratenic: lizards, toads, geckos, and skinks

Dicrocoeliidae

Alaria canis

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Host: Dogs and foxes
Location: Small intestine
1st IH: Helisoma
2nd IH: tadpole
praziquantel and probably epsiprantel

Diplostomidae

Alaria marcianae

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Host: Cats
Location: Intestine
1st IH: Helisoma
2nd IH: tadpole
can migrate to the mammary gland in a lactating queen
praziquantel and probably epsiprantel

Diplostomatidae

Fibricola texensis

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Host: Fish-eating mammals and birds (e.g., raccoons, mink, herons).
Location: Small intestine
1st IH: Helisoma
2nd IH: Amphibians or fish

Diplostomidae

Schistosoma haematobium

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Host: Humans
Location: Veins of urinary baldder
1st IH: Bulinus spp.
Eggs have a terminal spine and are passed in urine

Africa and the Middle East.

Schistosomatidae

Schistosoma mansoni

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Host: Human
Location: Mesenteric veins
Ist IH: Biomphalaria spp
Eggs have a lateral spine and are passed in feces

Africa, the Middle East, South America (notably Brazil), and the Caribbean

Schistosomatidae

Schistosoma japonicum

Host: Human, cats, mammals Location: Mesenteric veins of the small intestine 1st IH: Oncomelania spp. Eggs are small, ovoid, with a minute lateral spine (often hard to see) and are passed in feces | China, the Philippines, and Indonesia. ## Footnote Schistosomatidae

Schistosoma bovis

Host: Cattle Location: Mesenteric veins of the small and large intestine 1st IH: Bulinus spp. Eggs have a terminal spine, similar in appearance to S. haematobium, but they are passed in feces, not urine. | Africa, the Middle East, and parts of the Mediterranean ## Footnote Schistosomatidae

Schistosoma margrebowiei

Host: Horses, ruminants Location: Mesenteric veins of the intestine. 1st IH: Bulinus spp. | southern Africa ## Footnote Schistosomatidae

Bivitellobilhania loxodontae

Host: Elephants Location: venous plexuses associated with the large intestine and possibly mesenteric veins 1st IH: Bulinus spp. | Africa ## Footnote Schistosomatidae

Heterobilharzia americana

Host: Raccons (natural), dogs Location: Mesenteric veins (primarily of the small and large intestine) 1st IH: Galba cubensis (formerly Lymnaea cubensis), occasionally Galba humilis ## Footnote Schistosomatidae

Trematodes Flashcards

(29 cards)