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Neuro > Tumors of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves > Flashcards

Tumors of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Classification of astrocitomas

A

Pilocytic
Diffuse
Anaplastic
Glioblastoma

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2
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma tumor

A

children and young adults
infratentorially or allow the optic pathways and thalamic regions

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3
Q

Difusse astrocytoma localization

A

supratentorial within the temporal frontal lobe

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4
Q

Diffuse astrocytoma characteristics

A

Microscopically benign (infiltration of microcitis but no necrosis, no microvascular progeneration…)
Beiological malignant (infiltrative growth. Survival up to 10 years

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5
Q

Diffuse astrocytoma treatment

A

Surgery is the best but also chemo

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6
Q

Anaplastic astrocytoma characteristics

A

no haemorrage or necrosis but nucleus polymorphous, hyper cellular mitosis, microvascular proliferation, endothelial proliferation.
Survival up to 3 years

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7
Q

When does the patient has longer survival

A

when mutation of IDH is grade 2

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8
Q

Most frequent glioma

A

Glioblastoma

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9
Q

Glioblastoma age of presentation

A

50/60 years

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10
Q

Glioblastoma characteristics

A

Central necrosis, edema

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11
Q

Glioblastoma localization

A

white matter of hemisphere, basal and thalamus
Necrosis and microvascular proliferation

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12
Q

Oligodendroglioma localization

A

Supratentorial (more than 90%)

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13
Q

Ependymomamas age

A

All but more in children

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14
Q

Ependymomas localization

A

Arise in the region of 4th ventricle
Posterior fossa in children. In adults spinal ependymomas are commoner than intracranial

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15
Q

Types of Ependymomas

A

Mixopapillary (grade I)
Ependymoma (grade II)
Anaplastic ependymoma (grade III)

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16
Q

Rossette is characteristic in

A

Ependymomas

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17
Q

Diffuse midline glioma mutation

A

H3K27 mutation (histone mutation)

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18
Q

Diffuse midline glioma age

A

Children young adults

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19
Q

Schwannoma is it benign or malign?

A

Benign tumor of the Schwann cells that envelops cranial nerves, most commonly VIII and V

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20
Q

Schwannoma characteristic

A

VIII: Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tintinnus and vertigo
V, VII: facial sensory loss and facial weaknes. Hydrocephalus due to compression of brainstem

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21
Q

Meningioma age

A

Females after 50 years

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22
Q

Meningioma localization

A

parasagital region, sphenoid wing, spinal cord (thoracic segment). Rarely invade the brain

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23
Q

Meningioma characteristics

A

Intradural tumor, well-demarked, compressing the brain/spinal cord

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24
Q

Medulloblastoma age

A

Embrional tumor

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25
Medulloblastoma localization
Cerebellum or posterior fosa
26
Medulloblastoma characteristic
Invasive, rapidly growing, metastasize
27
Drop metastasis
In medulloblastoma metastasis all the way down to cauda equina at the base of the spinal cord
28
Types of pineal gland tumors
Pinealocytoma (benign) Pinealoblastoma (WHO IV)
29
Clinical presentation of intracranial tumor
headache which worsens with activity Hemiparesis, cognitive disfunction, ataxia, aphasia, Cranial nerve involvement Seizures Increased intracranial pressure: headache, disturbance of consciousness, vomiting, visual problems Bitemporal hemianopsia (if is compressing chiasma optic) Hearing loss (acoustic neuroma) Intractable epilepsy
30
most common brain tumor in pediatric
medulloblastoma
31
most common brain tumor in adults
metástasis and then hemangioblastoma or glioblastoma
32
Extramedulary tumours of the spinal cord
Schwannoma Meningioma
33
Medullary tumors of the spinal cord
Ependymoma Midline gliomas Myxopapilary ependymoma of cauda equina
34
Neurofibromatosis type 1. Clinical
Skin: cafe-au-lait spots, multiple neurofibromas, axial and inguinal freckling Eyes: Iris hamartomas-Lish nodules Cranial nerve: optic nerve glima
35
Neurofibromatosis type 2. Clinical
Bilateral vestibular scwannomas Bilateral acustic neurinoma multiples meningiomas Gliomas, neurofibromas, cataract Glial hamartomas, meningioangiomatosis, intracranial calcifications
36
Meningioma common localization
Thoracic segment
37
Most common manifestation of low-grade pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Epilepsy
38
Most common localisation of pilocytic astrocytoma in children
Little brains
39
Drug patient with malignant edematous tumor
Dexamethasone
40
Where are tumours most commonly found in children
Infratentorial
41
Where are brain metastases most commonly found
At the boundary (perímetro) between white and grey matter
42
Tumour in which calcifications are characteristic
Oligondendroglioma
43
Most common glioma
Glioblastoma
44
Ependymoma in adult is in
Conus medullaris and filum terminale
45
Spinal ,meningiomas are most commonly seen in (age)
Older women
46
Cranial nerve most affected by neurinoma
VIII
47
Pituitary adenoma is most commonly secreted by
Prolactin
48
Tumour in left brainstem presentation
Affected sensation of temperature and pain in the ipsilateral side of the face and contra lateral side of the body
49
Tumour characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 2
Bilateral VIII cranial nerve schwannoma
50
Tumour than commonly occludes nerves in the sphenoid sinus
Meningeom
51
76 years old cerebellum tumour is likely to be
Metastasis
52
Tumour causing hearing problems is likely to have arisen from
Schwann cells
53
Brain tumour and daily complex partial seizures. Which antiepileptic to use
Levetiracetam
54
Most favourable prognosis
Pilocytic astrocytoma
55
Worst prognosis
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
56
Bitemporal quadrantopsy of the upper quadrants causes
Pituitary adenoma
57
A tumor with hyperosteosis is likely to be
Meningiom
58
Which tumour is treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide
Glioblastoma
59
Tumour in cerebellum of 35 years old man is likely to be
Hemangioblastoma
60
The most common brainstem tumour is
Glioma
61
Cystic tumour in cerebellum of child is likely to be
Pilocytic astrocytoma
62
Vision problems for 3 weeks, limited upward vision, poor pupillary reactions, convergence nystagmus at rest
Parinaud syndrome
63
MRI Parinaud syndrome expansive process in
Epiphyses
64
Parinaud syndrome
Supranuclear vertical palsy Pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils Nystagmus when convergence Eyelid retraction Hydrocephalus Bilateral papilledema, skew deviation, III and IV palsy, Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
65
Treatments for epilepsy for brain tumors
Carbamazepine and levatiracetam
66
Kennedy-Foster syndrome
ipsilateral optic atrophy and anosmia, contralateral papiledema
67
Immunophenotype of adenocarcinoma of the lung
CK7+ CK20- TTF1+ Napsn A+
68
CNS tumor expresses CK7+ CK20-, TTF-. Origin of metastasis
Breast carcinoma
69
Tumour with 1p/19q deletion
Oligodendroglioma
70
Radiotherapy dosis to give postoperative radiotherapy to the astrocytoma
50-60 Gy
71
Double images, hearing loss in the left ear, headache, paresis of the right abducens
Carcinosis of the meninges
72
progressive dysarthria, gait faltering, intention tremor. Fails the finger-nose test
hemangioblastoma
73
Acutely symptom of parasagital meningioma
epilepsy

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