Types and methods of practice Flashcards
Define whole practice and give an example
- The skill is learned by doing the entire movement
- The skill is not split into subroutines
e.g. a golf swing
What skill type should whole practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Simple
* High organisation
Stage of learning:
* Cognitive - develops fluency/timing/kinaesthesia
* Autonomous - ensurses skill is developed in a “real” enviroment
Other Factors:
* Provides a better “feel” for the skill
* Improves understanding of timings/relationships between subroutines
* Learning occurs quicker
* Requires large amounts of infromation processing
Define part pracitce and give an example
Skill is learned by breaking down the subroutines
e.g. triple jump
What skill type should part practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Complex
* Low organisation
* Dangerous skills
Stage of learning:
* Cognitve - less information to process/allows for early success
* Autonomous - refine individual subgroups
Other factors:
* Can be borning
* Takes time
* Does not develop kinaesthesia
Define whole-part-whole practice and give an example
- The skill is practiced in its entirety, the broken down into subroutines, then again practiced in its entirety
- The first whole identifies a weakness and then addresses them
e.g. a layup in basketball
What skill type should whole-part-whole practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Complex
* Low organisation
Stage of learning:
* All (Identify and improve subroutines)
Define progressive part practice and give an example
Skill is split into subroutines and the subroutines are chained/linked together
e.g. a layup in basketball
What skill type should progressive part practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Complex
* Low organisation
Stage or learning:
* Cognitve
* (Can also be used for autonomous)
Define massed practice and give an example
Continuous pracitce, no or very few breaks
e.g. set shots in basketball
What skill type should massed practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Simple
* Develops stimulus responce bond (grooving)
Stage of learning:
* Cognitve - develops stimulus response
* Autonomous - improve endurance/endure fatigue
Other factors:
* No opportunity for reveiw/feedback
* May become frustrating
Define distributed practice and give an example
Skill practiced in short intervals/rest breaks
e.g. practicing passing in rugby and reviewing after each run
What skill type should distributed practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Complex
* Dangerous
Stage of learning:
* Cognitve
* Autonomous
Both stages of learning give opportunities for feedback
Other factors:
* Breaks can impede learning
Define fixed practice and give an example
Enviroment is unchanging/constant
e.g. gymnastic vault
What skill type should fixed practice be used for, and which stage of learning is it most commonly used for?
Skill type:
* Closed
Stage of learning:
* Cognitve - reduce information processing
Other factors:
* Not challenging
* Boring
* Not a “real” situation, therefore limited for open skills
Define varied practice and give an example
The enviroment is changeable
e.g. A catching drill in rugby with opposition
