U3 AK5

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A bacterium, virus or other organism that can cause disease

Question 2

How do we defend this?

Answer 2

The immune system

Question 3

What is immunity?

Answer 3

The ability of the body to resist infection by a pathogen or destroy the organism if it succeeded in invading infecting the body

Question 4

Pathogens are defended against by two specific technique

Answer 4

Non-specific body defences and specific cellular defences

Question 5

Physical defence

Answer 5

Closely pot epithelial cells found in skin and inner lining of digestive and respiratory systems form a physical barrier

Question 6

Chemical defence

Answer 6

Chemical secretions are produced against invading pathogens

Question 7

Chemical defences include

Answer 7

Tears saliva, mucus and stomach acid

Question 8

Phagocytes

Answer 8

A type of white blood cell

Question 9

What do phagocytes have?

Answer 9

Lysomes which contain digestive enzymes

Question 10

What do phagocytes destroy?

Answer 10

Pathogens by a process called phagocytosis

Question 11

Stages of phagocytosis

Answer 11

Recognising the pathogen

Engulfing the pathogen

Destroying pathogens using digestive enzymes, containing lysosomes

Question 12

What are cytokines?

Answer 12

Protein molecules that are important in signalling to other cells

Question 13

Phagocytes release cytokines which do what?

Answer 13

Attract more Fargo sites to the site of infection

Question 14

Stage of inflammatory response

Answer 14

S

Question 15

Stage1

Answer 15

Mast cells release histamine

Question 16

Stage 2

Answer 16

Histamine causes vasodilation of blood cell increasing capillary permeability

Question 17

Stage 3

Answer 17

Increases blood flow leads to an increase to accumulation at site of infection resulting in phago or clotting elements