U8: Clinical (12-16%) Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
define MEDICAL MODEL
A
idea that diseases (like psychological disorders) have physical causes and most cases can be cured through tx
2
Q
define PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
A
syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbances in individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
3
Q
what are the criteria for a psychological disorder
A
- clinically significant
- distress & dysfunction
- disrupt ability to live daily life
4
Q
define MUNCHAUSEN’S SYNDROME
A
faking illness/injury to obtain award/attention
5
Q
what does DSM-V stand for and what is its purpose
A
Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition; the APA’s system for classifying psychological disorders
6
Q
list the criteria for insomnia
A
- unsatisfied w/amnt or quality of sleep
- distress/diminished everyday functioning
- at least 3 nights/week
- at least 3 consecutive months
- occurs even w/sufficient sleep opportunities
- independent from sleep disorders, abuse of substance, or other conditions
7
Q
define RISK FACTORS
A
increased likelihood of developing disorder
8
Q
list examples of risk factors
A
- academic failure
- abuse/neglect/trauma
- chronic pain
- family disorganization
- poor work habits
9
Q
define PROTECTIVE FACTORS
A
decrease likelihood of disorder
10
Q
list examples of protective factors
A
- exercise
- literacy
- autonomy/economic independence
- high self-esteem
- problem solving skills
- community support
11
Q
define SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
A
intense fear and avoidance of social situations
12
Q
define GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDERS
A
continually tense, apprehensive, and constant state of ANS arousal
13
Q
define PANIC DISORDER
A
unpredictable episodes of intense dread and terror followed by worry over next possible attacks
14
Q
define AGORAPHOBIA
A
fear/avoidance of situations like crowds/open places/where one has loss of control or panic previously
15
Q
define PHOBIA
A
persistent irrational fear and avoidance of specific object/activity/situation
16
Q
define OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
A
disorder with obsessions and compulsions causing distress/dysfunction
17
Q
aka obsessions
A
intrusive thoughts
18
Q
define INTRUSIVE THOUGHTS
A
unwanted repetitive thoughts causing anxiety
19
Q
define COMPULSIONS
A
actions done to decrease intrusive thoughts
20
Q
define PTSD
A
sx for at least 4 weeks after traumatic experience
21
Q
list sx for PTSD
A
- haunting memories
- nightmares
- hypervigilance
- social withdrawl
- jumpy anxiety
- numbness
- insomnia
22
Q
define MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
A
> 2 weeks of at least 5 sx in the absence of drugs/other conditions; and at least 1 sx must be depressed mood/loss of interest
23
Q
define BIPOLAR DISORDER
A
alternating between hopelessness and lethargy and mania
24
Q
define MANIA
A
hyperactive and wildly optimistic state generally with poor judgment
25
sx bipolar disorder
- delusion
- elevated mood
- irritability
- emotional outbursts
- sleep problems
- worthlessness
- mood swing
- hypersexuality
26
define RUMINATION
compulsive fretting and overthinking problems and their causes
27
list sx of MDD
- depressed mood most of time
- dramatically reduced interest/pleasure in most activities most of time
- significant changes regulating weight/sleep/appetite
- physical agitation/lethargy
- listless/less energy
- feeling worthless/unwarranted guilt
- problems thinking/concentrating/making decisions
- thinking repetitively of death/suicide
28
explain/describe the explanatory style
1. stressful experience
2. negative explanatory style
3. depressed mood
4. cognitive & behavioral changes
5. repeat
29
define PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
marked by irrational ideas, distorted perception, and loss of contact w/reality
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define SCHIZOPHRENIA
disorder w/delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and inappropriate emotional expression
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define positive sx
inappropriate behavior present
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define negative sx
appropriate behavior absent
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define HALLUCINATION
false sensory experiences
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define DELUSION
false belief generally of persecution or grandeur
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define DISORGANIZED SPEECH
thoughts illogical/not coherent
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define CATATONIA
physical stupor remaining motionless, compulsive actions, or severe agitation
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describe CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
slow developing in late adolescence-early adulthood; psychotic episodes increase and get longer
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describe ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA
occurs at any age and is gen a response to severely traumatic event
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define DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
controversial and rare disorder where conscious separates from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
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define DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
at least 2 distinct personalities associated w/severe trauma
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aka: DID
multiple/split personality disorder
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define PERSONALITY DISORDER
inflexible and enduring behavior pattern impairing social function
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define ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
lack of conscious for wrongdoing and can be aggressive/ruthless
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define SOMATOFORM DISORDER
disorder taking form of bodily illness w/no real physical disorder
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define HYPOCHONDRIAC
terrified of being sick and becomes preoccupied w/every bodily sensation
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define CONVERSION DISORDER
specific sx in somatic nervous system functioning w/no physical cause
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define PSYCHOTHERAPY
psychological techniques w/therapist
48
define BIOMEDICAL THERAPY
medications/procedures to tx psychological disorder
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define ECLECTIC APPROACH
approach to psychotherapy using techniques from various forms of therapy
50
what are the components of psychodynamic therapy
resistance, interpretation, transference
51
psychodynamic therapy is targeting
individual's response to unconscious forces
52
define RESISTANCE
blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
53
define INTERPRETATION
therapist analysis of info and give feedback on meaning to give insight
54
define TRANSFERENCE
pt's transfer to therapist of emotions that arise
55
what are the 3 aspects of psychoanalysis theory
psychodynamic therapy, insight therapy, client-centered therapy
56
purpose of insight therapy
increase awareness of underlying motives and defenses
57
active listening composes of
echo, restate, and clarify
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what are the 2 components of client-centered therapy
active listening and unconditional positive regard
59
define BEHAVIOR THERAPY
learning principles to eliminate bad behavior
60
list types of behavior therapy
- counter-conditioning
- exposure therapy
- systemic desensitization
- VR exposure therapy
- aversive conditioning
- token economy
61
define COUNTER-CONDITIONING
pair behavior with different stimulus
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define EXPOSURE THERAPY
expose to fear rather abruptly
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define SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION
associate pleasant relaxed state w/gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli
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define VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY
VR simulation induces triggers
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define AVERSIVE CONDITIONING
associate unpleasant state w/unwanted behavior
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define TOKEN ECONOMY
token for desired behaviors able to be traded in
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define COGNITIVE THERAPY
teach new and more adaptive ways of thinking based on assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions
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define RATIONAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY
vigorously challenges ppl's illogical self-defeating attitudes and assumptions to change negative thinking to positive thinking to change emotional response to own thoughts about event
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define COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
how you act and how you think
70
define GROUP THERAPY
provides benefits from group interactions
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define FAMILY THERAPY
tx ppl in context of family with the idea that behavior is influenced by/directed at other family
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difference between group therapy and self-help groups
group therapy is led by therapist and self-help groups are not
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define SOLUTIONS FOCUSED THERAPY
problem can be resolved through goal setting and changing attitudes
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define PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
study of effects of drugs on mind
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antipsychotics tx
schizophrenia
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antianxiety controls
agitation
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antidepressants tx
depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD
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antipsychotics work by
blocking dopamine receptors
79
give examples of antipsychotics
Abilify, Zeldox, Risperdal, Seroquel, Haloperidol
80
how do antianxieties work
benzodiazepines enhance GABA producing calming effect
81
list examples of antianxiety meds
Rivotril, Xanax, Ativan, Lectopam
82
how do antidepressants work
increase serotonin and norepinephrine
83
give examples of antidepressants
Prozac, luvox, celexa, Zoloft
84
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are also
second generation antidepressant
85
define ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
biomedical therapy for severe depression causing mild controlled seizure in anesthetized pt
86
define REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
pulses of magnetic of energy to stimulate suppressed brain activity
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define PSYCHOSURGERY
remove/destroy brain tissue
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define EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING (EMDR)
pt watches back and forth light while talking on experience generally used for PTSD but is controversial and skeptical
89
define META ANALYSIS
procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
90
what is the best way to analyze effectiveness of different types of therapies
meta-analysis
91
define EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
clinical decision process looking at best available current research, clinical and trained expertise, pt's characteristics, personality, and preferences to make therapeutic stolutions
92
cognitive therapies are best used for
anxiety, PTSD, MDD, insomnia
93
behavior therapies are best used for
bed wetting, phobia, compulsion, marital problems
94
psychodynamic therapies are best used for
chronic MDD, anxiety
95
non-directive counseling are best used for
mild-moderate depression
96
define THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE
trust and mutual understanding between therapist and client to work together
97
what is the greatest indicator of success in therapy
therapeutic alliance
98
define RESILIENCE
ability to cope w/stress and recover from adversity and trauma
