U9: Social (8-10%)

Question 1

define ATTRIBUTION THEORY

Answer 1

explains behavior by crediting either situation/person’s disposition

Question 2

define FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR

Answer 2

tendency for observers to underestimate impact of situation when analyzing others’ behavior and overestimate impact of personal disposition

Question 3

define SELF-SERVING BIAS

Answer 3

more likely to accredit situation we are in when explaining our behavior and credit others behavior due to their behavior

Question 4

define ATTITUDE

Answer 4

feelings often influenced by beliefs predisposing us to respond in a particular way to objects, ppl, and events

Question 5

define PERIPHERAL ROUTE PERSUASION

Answer 5

ppl influenced by incidental cues such as model’s attractiveness

Question 6

define CENTRAL ROUTE PERSUASION

Answer 6

interests people through arguments and logic

Question 7

define FOOT-IN-THE-DOOR PHENOMENON

Answer 7

tendency for ppl who have first agreed to small request to comply later w/larger request

Question 8

define ROLE

Answer 8

set of expectations about social position defining how those in position ought to have

Question 9

define CONFORMITY

Answer 9

adjusting behavior/thinking to coincide w/group standard

Question 10

define NORMS

Answer 10

understand rules for accepted and expected behavior

Question 11

define NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Answer 11

influence from person’s desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval

Question 12

define INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Answer 12

from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality, especially from person of authority

Question 13

define STEREOTYPE

Answer 13

generalized (sometimes accurate but overgeneralized) belief about a group of ppl

Question 14

define PREJUDICE

Answer 14

unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward group and its members usually involving stereotypes and negative feelings and predisposes to discrimination

Question 15

define DISCRIMINATION

Answer 15

unjustifiable negative behavior toward group and its members

Question 16

define EXPLICIT PREJUDICE

Answer 16

intentional and conscious prejudice

Question 17

define IMPLICIT PREJUDICE

Answer 17

unthinking and unaware of attitudes

Question 18

define JUST WORLD PHENOMENON

Answer 18

tendency for ppl to believe world is just and ppl get what they deserve

Question 19

define INGROUP

Answer 19

ppl we share common identity

Question 20

define INGROUP BIAS

Answer 20

tendency to favor own group

Question 21

define OUTGROUP

Answer 21

ppl perceived different from ingroup

Question 22

define SCAPEGOAT THEORY

Answer 22

prejudice offers outlet for anger by providing something to blame

Question 23

define MERE EXPOSURE EFFECT

Answer 23

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking them

Question 24

define REWARD THEORY OF ATTRACTION

Answer 24

we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us

Question 25

those who have a fear of rejection are

Answer 25

more likely to be rejected

Question 26

what are some of the highest indicators of a relationship

Answer 26

proximity and similarity

Question 27

define PASSIONATE LOVE

Answer 27

aroused state of intense positive absorption in another generally @ beginning of romantic relationship

Question 28

define COMPANIONATE LOVE

Answer 28

deep affectionate attachment for those we intertwine our lives with

Question 29

define EQUITY

Answer 29

condition which ppl receive from relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 30

define SELF-DISCLOSURE

Answer 30

act of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others

Question 31

define AGGRESSION

Answer 31

any physical/verbal behavior intended to harm physically/emotionally

Question 32

is aggression an instinct?

Answer 32

no, because it varies to widely but it is influenced by biology

Question 33

define FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION PRINCIPLE

Answer 33

principle that frustration or the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal creates anger leading to aggression

Question 34

describe genetics' influence on aggression

Answer 34

- no sole influence on personality but affect temperament - correlation between difficult temperament and aggressive behavior

Question 35

describe neural influences on aggression

Answer 35

- brain assess provocations and inhibits/facilitates aggression - amygdala - damage to frontal lobe increases aggression

Question 36

describe biochemical influences on aggression

Answer 36

- increase in testosterone increases aggression - males have greater aggression rates - women have greater relational aggression - drugs and alcohol increase aggression

Question 37

define ALTRUISM

Answer 37

unselfish regard for welfare of others

Question 38

define BYSTANDER EFFECT

Answer 38

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 39

define DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY

Answer 39

the more people share responsibility to help any single individual the less likely they are to help

Question 40

define COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

Answer 40

act to decrease discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent

Question 41

people are more likely to help if...

Answer 41

- victim deserves help - feel guilty - in rural area - in good mood - we observed someone else being helpful - already focused on helping - victim is a woman - victim is similar to us - we are not in a hurry

Question 42

define SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

Answer 42

social behavior is exchange process and aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 43

define RECIPROCITY NORM

Answer 43

expectation ppl will help and not harm those who helped them

Question 44

define SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY NORM

Answer 44

expectation ppl will help those needing their help

Question 45

define CONFLICT

Answer 45

perceived incompatibility of actions/goals/ideas

Question 46

define SOCIAL TRAP

Answer 46

situation in which conflicting parties by each pursuing their self interest rather than good of group become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 47

aka social trap

Answer 47

tragedy of commons

Question 48

define MIRROR-IMAGE PERCEPTION

Answer 48

mutual views often held by conflicting ppl wherein each side sees themselves as ethical and peaceful and the other as evil and aggressive

Question 49

define SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

Answer 49

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 50

define SUPERORDINATE GOALS

Answer 50

shared goals that override differences among ppl require their cooperation