Unit 1

Question 1

Branch of science that deals with the structure or morphology of body parts, their forms, and how they are organized.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification.

Answer 2

Microscopic anatomy

Question 3

Structure and functions of plant & animal cells

Answer 3

Cytology

Question 4

Microscopic structure of tissues

Answer 4

Histology

Question 5

Deals with the examination of large human structures of tissues.

Answer 5

Macroscopic anatomy or Gross anatomy

Question 6

Study of the external features of the body

Answer 6

Surface or Visual anatomy

Question 7

Anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk

Answer 7

Regional anatomy

Question 8

Study of the structure of organ systems

Answer 8

Systemic anatomy

Question 9

Deals with the changes that occur during the period between conception and physical maturity

Answer 9

Developmental anatomy

Question 10

Branches of Anatomy

Answer 10

Microscopic and Macroscopic Anatomy(Gross Anatomy)

Question 11

Branches of Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 11

Histology
Cytology

Question 12

Branches of Macroscopic Anatomy

Answer 12

Surface or Visual Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy

Question 13

It is the science of life

Answer 13

Physiology

Question 14

It is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to the integrated
behavior of the whole body and the influence of the external environment

Answer 14

Physiology

Question 15

What’s the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

Answer 15

Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures

Question 16

Forms the external body covering which protects deeper tissue from injury, prevents dehydration and waterproofs the body

Answer 16

Integumentary system

Question 17

Protects and supports body organs as well as provides framework to the muscles thus causing movement.

Answer 17

Skeletal system

Question 18

Allows manipulation of the environment through locomotion and facial expression

Answer 18

Muscular system

Question 19

What are the levels of structural organization?

Answer 19

Atoms -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ System

Question 20

Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

Answer 20

Nervous system

Question 21

Production of offspring

Answer 21

Reproductive system

Question 22

Secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, nutrient use (metabolism) by cells.

Answer 22

Endocrine system

Question 23

Compose of the heart, blood vessels and blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, wastes etc. to cells where exchanges are made

Answer 23

Cardiovascular system

Question 24

Protects body from invading pathogens and disposes of dead cells.

Answer 24

Lymphatic and Immune system

Question 25

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Answer 25

Respiratory system

Question 26

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells

Answer 26

Digestive system

Question 27

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 27

1. Irritability 2. Growth and Development 3. Reproduction 4. Movement 5. Self-Regulating Metabolism 6. Adaptation

Question 28

The ability to react to a stimuli (any change from the external or internal environment)

Answer 28

Irritability

Question 29

Production of new organisms and new cells

Answer 29

Reproduction

Question 30

A change in position of a body or a part

Answer 30

Movement

Question 31

are all chemical reactions happening in the body

Answer 31

Metabolism

Question 32

___ comes in where body attempts to balance regulatory processes to control or regulate metabolism

Answer 32

Homeostasis

Question 33

A change in the way of life that allows people to survive in a particular environment

Answer 33

Adaptation

Question 34

The body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

Answer 34

Homeostasis

Question 35

carry signals away from the central nervous system

Answer 35

Efferent pathways

Question 36

come from outside stimuli and tell your brain what they are sensing, such as temperature

Answer 36

Afferent signals

Question 37

produces change in the variable

Answer 37

Stimulus

Question 38

detects change

Answer 38

Receptor

Question 39

information sent along afferent pathway to control center

Answer 39

Input

Question 40

information sent along efferent pathway to effector

Answer 40

Output

Question 41

effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level

Answer 41

Response

Question 42

Types of Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 42

Negative feedback loop Positive feedback loop

Question 43

is a reaction to a stimulus that causes a decrease in function and tends to stabilize the system

Answer 43

Negative feedback loop

Question 44

is a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop. This amplifies the original action

Answer 44

Positive feedback

Question 45

Terms describe the positions of structures relative to their structures or locations in the body

Answer 45

Directional Terms

Question 46

Described by 4 criteria: standing erect, face forward, arms on the side with palms facing forward and feet slightly apart

Answer 46

Anatomical Terms

Question 47

Means above

Answer 47

Superior

Question 48

Means below

Answer 48

Inferior

Question 49

Means front

Answer 49

Anterior or Ventral

Question 50

Means back

Answer 50

Posterior or Dorsal

Question 51

Means closest to the origin

Answer 51

Proximal

Question 52

Means farthest away

Answer 52

Distal

Question 53

Means body surface

Answer 53

Superficial

Question 54

Means farthest from the body's surface

Answer 54

Deep

Question 55

Means midline

Answer 55

Medial

Question 56

Means side

Answer 56

Lateral

Question 57

Means between

Answer 57

Inter-mediate

Question 58

Sometimes used instead of deep

Answer 58

Visceral

Question 59

Means opposite

Answer 59

Contralateral

Question 60

is a two-dimensional surface — its dimensions are length and width

Answer 60

Plane

Question 61

divides the body into front and back sections

Answer 61

Coronal Plane

Question 62

divides the body into left and right sections

Answer 62

Saggital Plane

Question 63

divides the body into EQUAL left and right sections

Answer 63

Median

Question 64

divides the body into upper and lower sections

Answer 64

Axial

Question 65

Any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of vessels (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels)

Answer 65

Body Cavity

Question 66

It is the anterior ventral body cavity found within the rib cage in the torso

Answer 66

thoracic cavity

Question 67

It houses the primary organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as the heart and lungs, but also includes organs from other systems, such as the esophagus and thymus gland

Answer 67

thoracic cavity

Question 68

is the cavity that contains the spinal cord within the vertebral column, formed by the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

Answer 68

Vertebral Cavity

Question 69

houses the Brain, Meninges, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid. The primary function of the brain is supplying information to the rest of the body and to help it function as whole

Answer 69

Cranial Cavity

Question 70

Housed the digestive system and provides muscles for posture, balance, and breathing.

Answer 70

Abdominal Cavity

Question 71

Borders of the this cavity are the posterior peritoneal surface, the anterior abdominal wall, the inferior pelvic inlet, and the superior thoracic diaphragm.

Answer 71

Abdominal Cavity

Question 72

supports the urinary bladder, uterus in females, vagina in females, pelvic colon, rectum, and anus

Answer 72

pelvic floor/cavity

Question 73

also functions as a bladder and anal sphincter through tonic contractions

Answer 73

pelvic floor/cavity

Question 74

are another way our bodies are divided into regions for both diagnostic and descriptive purposes

Answer 74

Abdominal Quadrants

Question 75

What are the abdominal quadrants?

Answer 75

Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant

Question 76

What are the Nine Abdominal Regions?

Answer 76

Right Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region Left Hypochondriac Region Right Lumbar Region Umbilical Region Left Lumbar Region Right Iliac Region Hypochondriac Region Left Iliac Region

Question 77

What are the major body regions?

Answer 77

Cephalic Cervical Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Pubic Upper Limb Lower Limb Back

Question 78

What are the parts of the anterior cephalic region?

Answer 78

Frontal Orbital Nasal Buccal Oral

Question 79

What are the parts of the anterior thoracic region?

Answer 79

Sternal Axillary

Question 80

What are the parts of the anterior abdominal region?

Answer 80

Umbilical

Question 81

What are the parts of the anterior pelvic region?

Answer 81

Inguinal Pubic

Question 82

What are the parts of the upper limb region?

Answer 82

Acromial Deltoid Brachial Antecubital Olecranal Antebrachial Carpal Digital

Question 83

What are the parts of the lower limb region?

Answer 83

Coxal Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular Tarpal Calcaneal Plantar Digital

Question 84

What are the parts of the posterior cranial region?

Answer 84

Occipital

Question 85

What are the parts of the back region?

Answer 85

Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal

Question 86

relating to the abdomen

Answer 86

Abdominal

Question 87

region of the arm in front of the elbow

Answer 87

Antecubital

Question 88

over the brachial artery in the upper arm

Answer 88

Brachial

Question 89

of or relating to the cheeks or the mouth

Answer 89

Buccal

Question 90

of or relating to the calf

Answer 90

Calf

Question 91

relating to the femur or thigh

Answer 91

Femoral

Question 92

the groin or area in lower lateral regions of the abdomen

Answer 92

Inguinal

Question 93

area over the lumbar spine

Answer 93

Lumbar

Question 94

region on the back of the knee

Answer 94

Popliteal

Question 95

Thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs

Answer 95

Body Membranes

Question 96

line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Answer 96

Mucous membranes

Question 97

line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body; the peritoneal, pleural, and the pericardial cavities

Answer 97

Serous membranes

Question 98

membranes found on the skin, these cover the body surface

Answer 98

Cutaneous membranes

Question 99

line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint

Answer 99

Synovial membranes