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AP Euro > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

A period of cultural and intellectual rebirth that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe until the 17th century.

It was characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning, humanism, and the arts.

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2
Q

Define Humanism.

A

A philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively.

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3
Q

What did Humanists believe?

A

They believed in the importance of education, reason, and critical thinking, and emphasized the study of classical literature, history, and art.

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4
Q

What characterized Renaissance art?

A

A renewed interest in classical forms, realism, and humanism.

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5
Q

Name three prominent Renaissance artists.

A
  • Leonardo da Vinci
  • Michelangelo
  • Raphael
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6
Q

What techniques were used in Renaissance art to create depth and realism?

A
  • Perspective
  • Chiaroscuro
  • Sfumato
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7
Q

What was the significance of the printing technology during the Renaissance?

A

It allowed for the widespread dissemination of art and ideas.

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8
Q

Who were notable scientists during the Renaissance?

A
  • Galileo Galilei
  • Johannes Kepler
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9
Q

What was the scientific method?

A

A method emphasizing observation, experimentation, and empirical evidence.

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10
Q

What characterized Renaissance literature?

A

A renewed interest in classical forms, humanism, and the vernacular.

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11
Q

Name three influential writers of the Renaissance.

A
  • William Shakespeare
  • Miguel de Cervantes
  • Dante Alighieri
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12
Q

What were some societal changes during the Renaissance?

A
  • Artistic and cultural flourishing
  • Scientific advancements
  • Rise of nation-states
  • Protestant Reformation
  • Exploration and colonization
  • Emergence of the middle class
  • Patriarchal society
  • Slavery and exploitation
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13
Q

What factors led to the beginning of explorations?

A
  • Crusades
  • Renaissance
  • Technological advancements
  • Competition between European nations
  • Discovery of the New World
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14
Q

What was the Italian Renaissance?

A

A period of great cultural and artistic growth that began in Italy in the 14th century and lasted until the 17th century.

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15
Q

What factors contributed to the emergence of the Italian Renaissance?

A
  • Rediscovery of ancient texts
  • Growth of wealthy merchant classes
  • Patronage of wealthy families like the Medici
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16
Q

What impact did the Italian Renaissance have on Western culture?

A

It influenced art, literature, philosophy, and science.

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17
Q

List famous works of the Italian Renaissance.

A
  • Mona Lisa
  • The Last Supper
  • David
  • The School of Athens
  • Divine Comedy
  • The Decameron
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18
Q

What characterized the Northern Renaissance?

A

A cultural and artistic movement in Northern Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries.

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19
Q

What were key characteristics of the Northern Renaissance?

A
  • Humanism
  • Religious Reformation
  • Artistic Innovation
  • Scientific Advancements
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20
Q

Name key figures of the Northern Renaissance.

A
  • Albrecht Dürer
  • Jan van Eyck
  • Desiderius Erasmus
  • William Shakespeare
21
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johannes Gutenberg

22
Q

What were the effects of the printing press?

A
  • Increased literacy rates
  • Spread of new ideas
  • Widespread distribution of knowledge
23
Q

What was the significance of the Age of Exploration?

A

A period of European exploration and discovery from the 15th to the 17th century.

24
Q

List causes of the Age of Exploration.

A
  • Trade
  • Religion
  • Technology
  • Wealth
25
Name major explorers of the Age of Exploration.
* Christopher Columbus * Vasco da Gama * Ferdinand Magellan * Francis Drake
26
What were the consequences of European exploration?
* Colonization * Global Trade * Cultural Exchange * Exploitation and Slavery
27
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World following Columbus's arrival in 1492.
28
List impacts of the Columbian Exchange on the Old World.
* New crops like maize and potatoes * New sources of precious metals * Introduction of diseases like smallpox
29
List impacts of the Columbian Exchange on the New World.
* New animals like horses and cattle * New technologies like guns and iron tools * Introduction of diseases like smallpox
30
What was the triangular trade?
A trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, where goods were exchanged for slaves.
31
What led to the abolition of the slave trade?
Efforts of abolitionists and the economic decline of the plantation system.
32
What three continents were involved in the triangular trade?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas ## Footnote The triangular trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods for slaves and raw materials.
33
What did European traders exchange for slaves in Africa?
Manufactured goods ## Footnote This exchange was a key part of the triangular trade.
34
What crops were sold for profit in the triangular trade?
Sugar, tobacco, and other crops ## Footnote Profits from these crops were used to acquire raw materials in the Americas.
35
When was the slave trade abolished?
19th century ## Footnote The abolition was due to the efforts of abolitionists and economic changes.
36
What is the Commercial Revolution?
A period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism from the 16th to the 18th century ## Footnote It significantly changed the European economy and society.
37
What economic effect did the Commercial Revolution have on trade?
Growth of trade and commerce ## Footnote European merchants established trade links with various continents.
38
What led to the rise of capitalism during the Commercial Revolution?
Merchants and traders invested their profits in new ventures ## Footnote This investment spurred industrial growth and job creation.
39
How did the Commercial Revolution contribute to the development of banking?
Banks provided loans to merchants and traders ## Footnote This financing was crucial for their ventures.
40
What are joint-stock companies?
Companies that allowed investors to pool resources and share risks and profits ## Footnote They emerged during the Commercial Revolution.
41
What was one social effect of the Commercial Revolution?
Growth of urbanization ## Footnote The rise of industries led to migration from rural to urban areas.
42
What new social class emerged as a result of the Commercial Revolution?
Middle class ## Footnote This class consisted of wealthy merchants, traders, and bankers.
43
What cultural change occurred due to the Commercial Revolution?
Development of consumer culture ## Footnote Increased availability of goods led to a culture of consumption.
44
What was a consequence of the expansion of colonialism during the Commercial Revolution?
Exploitation of resources and enslavement of people ## Footnote European powers established colonies to extract resources.
45
What motivated the Renaissance and Age of Discovery?
Desire for knowledge, wealth, and power ## Footnote Both periods were interlinked by these motivations.
46
What technological advancements from the Renaissance facilitated the Age of Discovery?
Development of the printing press and navigational instruments ## Footnote These advancements made exploration possible.
47
How did the Age of Discovery impact the Renaissance?
Wealth and resources from the New World allowed for patronage of the arts and sciences ## Footnote This funding fostered further intellectual and cultural developments.
48
What political and economic forces shaped the Renaissance and Age of Discovery?
Rise of nation-states, growth of capitalism, and emergence of new social classes ## Footnote These forces influenced both periods significantly.

AP Euro (10 decks)

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