Unit 3 Flashcards
What period is known as the era of state-building in Europe?
1648 to 1815
This period saw significant changes in the concept of sovereignty.
What does dynastic sovereignty refer to?
The power of monarchs or ruling families
It was the most prevalent form of sovereignty during the early modern period.
What is territorial sovereignty?
The power of the state over its territory
It became more important than dynastic sovereignty during the state-building period.
Define popular sovereignty.
The power of the people
It emerged as a new form of sovereignty, based on the belief that the people are the ultimate source of power.
What were the Scottish Highlands known for during the state-building period?
A distinct Gaelic-speaking population
They resisted attempts by the English government to impose their language and culture.
What was the significance of the English Civil War?
Established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty
It limited the power of the monarchy and impacted the development of democracy.
What triggered the Glorious Revolution?
Fear of a Catholic succession to the English throne
King James II’s Catholicism raised concerns among Protestant nobility.
What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
Parliamentarians emerged victorious and King Charles I was executed
Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the monarchy was restored in 1660.
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
A period of significant agricultural development in Europe
It led to increased productivity and efficiency in farming practices.
List three causes of the Agricultural Revolution.
- Population growth
- Enclosure movement
- Technological advancements
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory promoting exports and limiting imports
It dominated European economic policy during the 16th to 18th century.
What characterized the Dutch Golden Age?
Great prosperity and cultural achievement
It was marked by economic growth, artistic development, and political power.
What were the key features of the Commercial Revolution?
- Growth of international trade
- Development of financial instruments
- Rise of mercantilism
- Expansion of colonialism
Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
A Swedish king known for military reforms and tactics
He led Sweden to victory in the Thirty Years’ War.
What was the significance of the Bill of Rights passed in 1689?
Established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarch
It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens.
What was a consequence of the slave trade?
Demand for cheap labor in the Americas
It was driven by the production of sugar, tobacco, and cotton.
Fill in the blank: The rise of _______ culture was fueled by increased trade and the growth of the middle class.
consumer
What did absolutism refer to?
A form of government where the monarch has complete control
It emerged as monarchs sought to consolidate power.
What was the outcome of the War of the Spanish Succession?
Ended with the Treaty of Utrecht
It involved France and the Grand Alliance.
True or False: The Dutch Republic was a major player in European politics during the Dutch Golden Age.
True
Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
A Swedish king from 1611 to 1632, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
He became king at 17 and reformed the Swedish military.
What is Gustavus Adolphus known for?
Leading Sweden to victory in the Thirty Years’ War and using combined arms tactics.
He was killed at the Battle of Lützen in 1632.
What dynasty were the Habsburgs?
A powerful European dynasty for over six centuries.
They controlled much of Central Europe, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands.
How did the Habsburgs expand their power?
Through strategic marriages, such as Maximilian I’s marriage to Mary of Burgundy.
They were also defenders of Catholicism.
