Unit 7 Flashcards
What major economic and social changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution?
Major economic and social changes included increased industrial production, urbanization, and the rise of new social classes.
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies from agrarian to industrialized, impacting labor and society.
Define nationalism.
Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of a shared national identity, culture, and history.
Nationalism advocates for self-governance and prioritizes national interests.
What does imperialism refer to?
Imperialism refers to the expansion of European powers into Africa and Asia.
It involves the domination of one country over another, often through military or economic means.
What is the main focus of liberalism?
Liberalism emphasizes individual rights and limited government.
It promotes freedoms such as speech, press, and religion.
What does conservatism prioritize?
Conservatism emphasizes tradition and social hierarchy.
It often resists rapid change and values established institutions.
What is Marxism?
Marxism is a critique of capitalism and a call for socialist revolution.
It advocates for the working class to overthrow capitalist systems.
What were the Revolutions of 1848?
The Revolutions of 1848 were a series of uprisings across Europe for political reform.
These revolutions aimed at establishing more democratic governments.
What was the Congress of Vienna?
The Congress of Vienna was a post-Napoleonic settlement to restore order in Europe.
It aimed to maintain a balance of power and prevent future conflicts.
What was the Crimean War?
The Crimean War was a conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, involving European powers.
It lasted from 1853 to 1856 and highlighted the weaknesses of the Russian Empire.
What was the American Civil War about?
The American Civil War was a conflict over slavery and states’ rights in the United States.
It resulted in significant social and political changes in America.
What factors contributed to the development of nationalism?
Factors include:
* Enlightenment ideas
* Industrialization
* Revolutionary movements
These factors encouraged the desire for self-determination among nations.
Where did nationalism emerge during the 19th century?
Nationalism emerged in Europe, leading to the formation of new nation-states such as Italy and Germany.
These movements were often fueled by shared cultural and historical identities.
What is the impact of nationalism on existing nation-states?
The impact includes:
* Formation of new nation-states
* Reconfiguration of existing states
* Conflict and violence
* Challenges from globalization
Nationalism can lead to both unity and division within and between nations.
True or False: Anti-Semitism is on the rise in the context of nationalism.
True
Nationalism often leads to scapegoating and prejudice against minority groups.
What are some causes of the rise in anti-Semitism related to nationalism?
Causes include:
* Scapegoating
* Fear of the Other
* Conspiracy Theories
These factors contribute to increased hostility towards Jews.
What effects can arise from anti-Semitism in nationalism?
Effects include:
* Violence against Jews
* Discrimination in various sectors
* Isolation from society
Anti-Semitic rhetoric can have severe societal consequences.
List three independence movements mentioned.
- American Revolution (1783)
- Indian independence movement (1947)
- African independence movements (mid-20th century)
These movements were pivotal in shaping national identities and self-governance.
What was the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary?
The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary was a political entity from 1867 to 1918, formed by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise.
It established Austria and Hungary as separate states within a single monarchy.
What significant changes occurred during the unification of Italy?
Key changes included:
* Formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861
* Capture of Rome in 1870
* Rise of Italian nationalism
The unification process involved key figures like Garibaldi and Cavour.
How did Bismarck contribute to the unification of Germany?
Bismarck unified Germany through strategic wars and alliances, culminating in the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
His leadership was instrumental in establishing Prussia as a dominant power in Germany.
What were the main alliances during World War I?
The main alliances were:
* Triple Entente: France, Russia, United Kingdom
* Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later switched sides)
These alliances significantly influenced the war’s dynamics.
What caused the Crimean War?
The Crimean War was caused by a dispute between Russia and the Ottoman Empire over the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land.
France and Britain joined to prevent Russian expansion.
What were the main causes of the Balkan Wars?
Causes included:
* Nationalism
* Ottoman decline
* Competition among Balkan states
These factors led to conflicts for independence and territorial control.
Define Darwinism.
Darwinism is the scientific theory that explains how species evolve over time through natural selection.
It was proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859.
