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AP Euro > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What years did World War II last?

A

1939 to 1945

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2
Q

Which two military alliances were involved in World War II?

A
  • Allies
  • Axis
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3
Q

When did Germany surrender in World War II?

A

May 7, 1945

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4
Q

What significant event occurred on August 6 and 9, 1945?

A

The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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5
Q

How many people were estimated to have died as a result of the atomic bombings?

A

200,000 people

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6
Q

When did Japan announce its surrender in World War II?

A

August 15, 1945

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7
Q

What was the purpose of the United Nations, established in 1945?

A

To promote international cooperation and prevent future wars

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8
Q

What marked the beginning of decolonization after World War II?

A

Many countries in Asia and Africa gained independence

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9
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States

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10
Q

What significant document was adopted by the United Nations in 1948?

A

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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11
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

An economic aid program to rebuild Europe after World War II

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12
Q

What did the Treaty of Rome establish in 1957?

A

The European Economic Community

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13
Q

Who was Winston Churchill?

A

Prime Minister of the UK during WWII and early Cold War

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14
Q

What did Joseph Stalin oversee during his leadership?

A

Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe and development of nuclear weapons

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15
Q

What was Nikita Khrushchev known for?

A

His role in the Cuban Missile Crisis and de-Stalinization

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16
Q

Who was the first Chancellor of West Germany?

A

Konrad Adenauer

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17
Q

What was a significant event that characterized the Cold War?

A

The Berlin Blockade (1948-1949)

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18
Q

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

A

A stalemate with the border remaining largely unchanged

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19
Q

What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?

A

A standoff that nearly led to nuclear war between the US and the Soviet Union

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20
Q

What event symbolized the end of the Cold War in Europe?

A

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989

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21
Q

What was the Soviet-Afghan War?

A

A conflict where the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to support a communist government

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22
Q

What is the Arab-Israeli Conflict?

A

A long-standing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors beginning in 1948

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23
Q

What factors contributed to the rise of the West?

A
  • Technological innovation
  • Colonialism
  • Capitalism
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24
Q

What was the Iron Curtain?

A

A metaphorical division between the Soviet bloc and the West

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25
What were common reasons for discontent with communism?
* Economic problems * Political repression * Lack of democracy * Nationalism
26
What is representative democracy?
A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf
27
What is the significance of free and fair elections?
They ensure elections are held regularly and free from coercion
28
What was Joseph Stalin known for during his leadership?
Brutal tactics including purges and executions
29
Who succeeded Joseph Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union?
Nikita Khrushchev
30
What characterized Leonid Brezhnev's leadership?
A policy of stagnation prioritizing stability over reform
31
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
The leader of the Soviet Union known for reforms in the 1980s
32
Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1964?
Leonid Brezhnev ## Footnote Brezhnev succeeded Khrushchev after his ousting.
33
What was Brezhnev known for?
His policy of 'stagnation' ## Footnote This policy prioritized stability over reform.
34
What characterized the Soviet Union under Brezhnev's leadership?
Relative calm and economic growth ## Footnote However, there was criticism for lack of political freedoms and human rights abuses.
35
Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985?
Mikhail Gorbachev ## Footnote He aimed to reform the country's political and economic systems.
36
What policies did Gorbachev introduce?
Glasnost and perestroika ## Footnote Glasnost means openness, while perestroika means restructuring.
37
What was the outcome of Gorbachev's reforms?
The collapse of the Soviet Union ## Footnote His reforms exposed weaknesses in the political and economic systems.
38
When did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?
December 26, 1991 ## Footnote This followed a period of political upheaval and economic turmoil.
39
What factors contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Gorbachev's reforms, economic stagnation, and nationalist movements ## Footnote These factors combined led to the end of the USSR.
40
Define feminism.
A social, political, and cultural movement advocating for women's rights and equality ## Footnote Feminism has evolved through several waves, each focusing on different issues.
41
What did first-wave feminism focus on?
Securing women's right to vote and access to education and employment ## Footnote This wave emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
42
What issues did second-wave feminism address?
Reproductive rights, workplace discrimination, and sexual violence ## Footnote This wave emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.
43
What is a key focus of third-wave feminism?
Intersectionality and gender identity ## Footnote This wave emerged in the 1990s.
44
What does fourth-wave feminism emphasize?
Online harassment, body positivity, and the #MeToo movement ## Footnote This wave emerged in the 2010s.
45
What significant changes has feminist activism led to?
Legalization of abortion, anti-discrimination laws, and inclusion of women in male-dominated fields ## Footnote These changes reflect the impact of feminist movements.
46
What challenges do women still face today?
Gender pay gap, sexual harassment, and underrepresentation in leadership positions ## Footnote Despite progress, these issues persist.
47
What were the main causes of decolonization?
Rise of nationalism, weakening of European powers, and international pressure ## Footnote These factors contributed to the decolonization process.
48
What methods were used for decolonization?
Peaceful negotiations, violent struggles, constitutional reform, and armed struggle ## Footnote The process varied significantly across different countries.
49
What were some impacts of decolonization?
Emergence of new nation-states, redistribution of wealth and power, and rise of new cultural identities ## Footnote The consequences were economic, political, and social.
50
What challenges did newly independent countries face?
Political instability, economic underdevelopment, and social unrest ## Footnote Many countries struggled to establish stable governments.
51
What is the legacy of decolonization?
Continued struggles with poverty, inequality, and political instability, alongside new cultural identities ## Footnote The effects of colonialism are still felt today.
52
What is the European Union (EU)?
A political and economic union of 27 member states primarily in Europe ## Footnote Established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty.
53
What are the main goals of the EU?
Promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity ## Footnote Achieved through a single market, social progress, rule of law, and cooperation.
54
Name the institutions of the EU.
European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, Council of the European Union ## Footnote Each institution has distinct roles and responsibilities.
55
When did the UK leave the EU?
January 31, 2020 ## Footnote The UK is currently in a transition period until December 31, 2020.
56
What challenges does the EU currently face?
Brexit, rise of nationalism, refugee crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic impact ## Footnote These issues present significant political and economic challenges.
57
What does Euroskepticism refer to?
A critical attitude towards the EU and its policies ## Footnote Euroskeptics question the benefits of EU integration.
58
What are some reasons for Euroskepticism?
Loss of sovereignty, democratic deficit, economic concerns, immigration ## Footnote These factors contribute to skepticism among citizens.
59
What has been a significant trend in Europe regarding Euroskepticism?
Growing support for Eurosceptic parties ## Footnote Countries like the UK, France, Italy, and Hungary have seen this trend.
60
What significant migration trends have occurred in Europe since 1945?
Migration from former colonies, Southern and Eastern Europe, and outside Europe ## Footnote Economic opportunities and political instability are key reasons for migration.
61
What policies has the EU implemented to manage migration?
Border controls, asylum procedures, and integration programs ## Footnote These policies aim to address the challenges of migration.
62
What technological development began with the mass production of automobiles?
Early 1900s ## Footnote By the 1920s, cars became more affordable.
63
When did commercial air travel begin to become common?
By the 1920s ## Footnote The Wright brothers' successful flight occurred in 1903.
64
What was the first commercial radio broadcast year?
1920 ## Footnote Radio became a common form of entertainment and news by the 1930s.
65
What significant medical advancement was discovered in 1928?
Penicillin ## Footnote This marked the beginning of antibiotics.
66
What has been a major impact of vaccines?
Eradication of diseases like smallpox ## Footnote Vaccines have led to significant public health improvements.
67
What role do nuclear weapons play in international politics?
Significant role since the first nuclear bomb was detonated in 1945 ## Footnote Nuclear weapons have influenced global power dynamics.

AP Euro (10 decks)

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