unit 11

Question 1

mucosa of the oral cavity

Answer 1

masticatory (gingiva and hard palate)
lining ( lips, cheeks, oral floor, ventral tongue, soft palate)
specialized (dorsal tongue - papillae and taste buds)

Question 2

what is parakeratinized epithelium

Answer 2

transition between keratinized and nonkeratinized
you still see the presence of nuclei with keratin filament

Question 3

masticatory mucosa

Answer 3

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria invested CT papillae
NO muscular mucosae

Question 4

what is deep to the mucosa in the masticatory mucosa

Answer 4

lamina propria often fused to the underlying periosteum
fatty or glandular submucosa may be present

Question 5

lining mucosa

Answer 5

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
shallow CT papillae (lamina propria)
NO muscular mucosae

Question 6

deep to the lining mucosa

Answer 6

densely arranged CT with elastic fibers
serous and mucous minor salivary glands
skeletal muscle of orbicularis oris and buccinator

Question 7

specialized mucosa

Answer 7

associated with the sensation of taste via papillae and taste buds of the dorsal surface of the tongue (filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate)
nonkeratinized or keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

filiform papillae

Answer 8

most common with a wide distribution
conical/thread-like
highly keratinized without taste buds
mechanical sweeping that distributes tastents across tongue surface

Question 9

vallate papillae

Answer 9

V-shaped row anterior to sulcus terminalis
large fungiform-shaped, surrounded by a trough of serous glands for flushing
numerous taste buds per papillae

Question 10

fungiform papillae

Answer 10

grouped along tip of tongue
rounded, mushroom shaped
apical taste buds

Question 11

foliate papillae

Answer 11

grouped along lateral dorsal folds of mucosa
column-shaped, rows
lateral taste buds, along cleft

Question 12

what makes up the anatomical crown of teeth?

Answer 12

enamel (Ca crystal comp, lacks collagen!)
dentin (calcified CT)
pulp cavity (loose CT and neurovasculature)

Question 13

what are the primary cells associated with dentin

Answer 13

odontoblasts - produce dentin
odontoclasts - remove dentin

Question 14

what makes up the anatomical root of a tooth?

Answer 14

cementum (calcified CT, covers root)
dentin (calcified CT)
root canal (extension of the pulp cavity)

Question 15

mucosa of the oropharynx

Answer 15

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
NO muscular mucosa

Question 16

lamina propria of oropharynx

Answer 16

abundant elastic fibers and mucous glands
tonsillar lymphatic tissue (palatine and lingual)

Question 17

what is deep to the oropharynx mucosa

Answer 17

pharyngeal constrictor

Question 18

what is the common tubular alimentary architecture

Answer 18

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
submucosa
muscular externa
adventitia or serosa

Question 19

proximal 1/3rd of voluntary esophagus

Answer 19

stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular externa (skeletal muscle)
adventitia

Question 20

distal 1/3rd of involuntary esophagus

Answer 20

stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular mucosa (longitudinal SM)
submucosa (dense CT, sub mucosa plexus, esophageal glands)
muscular externa (SM, inner/outer, myenteric plexus)
adventitia (fibrous CT)

Question 21

only the distal 2 cm of abdominal esophagus contain what

Answer 21

serosa
serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery

Question 22

what is the enteric nervous system

Answer 22

two interconnection nerve plexus of the alimentary canal, influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

Question 23

what are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system

Answer 23

submucous plexus (secretion, micro motility, vasomotor, inflammation, immunomodulation)
myenteric plexus (motility)

Question 24

mucosa of the stomach

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium
lamina propria (network of collagen and elastic)
muscular mucosa (inner circular and outer longitudinal)

Question 25

other layers of the stomach

Answer 25

submucosa (dense CT forming rugae, blood, lymphatics, submucosa plexus) muscular externa (inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal, myenteric plexus, pyloric sphincter) serosa (serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery)

Question 26

gastric gland distribution

Answer 26

gland length and shape vary markedly due to common disease states

Question 27

gastric cardiac glands

Answer 27

primary mucous cells short pits, simple or branched tubular glands)

Question 28

gastric fundic gland

Answer 28

principle glands of stomach - secrete a majority of the digestive enzymes 2-7 glands empty into one pit short pits, straight tubular glands

Question 29

cells of the gastric fundic glands

Answer 29

parietal cells - pale staining, secrete HCL chief cells - hematoxylin staining, secrete pepsinogen

Question 30

gastric pyloric glands

Answer 30

primary mucous cells long pits, branched glands with extensive terminal coiling

Question 31

small intestine mucosa

Answer 31

simple columnar cells (enterocytes) with microvilli and goblet cells lamina propria (GALT/peyer's patches, lacteals) muscularis mucosa (SM, inner circ/outer long)

Question 32

other layers of small intestine

Answer 32

submucosa (dense CT forming plica circulares, submucosa plexus, Brunner's duodenal glands) muscular externa (inner circ/outer long, myenteric plexus) serosa (serous mesothelium)

Question 33

plica circulares

Answer 33

luminal ridges formed by dense CT organization

Question 34

intestinal villi

Answer 34

luminal projections formed by loose CT organization of lamina propria lined by continuous columnar epithelium

Question 35

enterocytes

Answer 35

microvilli forming a brush border

Question 36

villi - lacteals

Answer 36

intestinal lymphatic capillaries lined by simple squamous epithelium absorbs large lipoproteins forming chyle on more apical and lateral aspect of villi

Question 37

crypts of lieberkuhn

Answer 37

continuation of simple columnar epithelium at villus base progenitor cell population at base of each crypt ducts of intestinal glands

Question 38

microvilli

Answer 38

striated/brush border active transporters for nutrient absorption glycocalyx rich in disaccharidases and peptidases

Question 39

how is selective permeability maintained

Answer 39

via zonala occludens, ensures things have to go through the cell and not around

Question 40

what epithelial cell junctions are on the lateral domain of the cell

Answer 40

zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens

Question 41

what epithelial cell junctions are on the basilar surface of the cell

Answer 41

hemidesmosomes, focal adhesion

Question 42

cells present in the jejunum

Answer 42

goblet (lots), paneth, enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold

Question 43

cells present in ileum

Answer 43

goblet and paneth (increase distally), enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold

Question 44

large intestine mucosa

Answer 44

simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells lamina propria (GALT) muscular mucosa (inner circ/outer long)

Question 45

large intestine layers

Answer 45

submucosa (dense CT, submucosa plexus) muscularis externa adventitia/serosa (fibrous CT, serous mesothelium)

Question 46

muscularis externa of large intestine

Answer 46

discontinuous inner circular, invaginated by outer longitudinal layer of variable thickness teniae coli - condensed outer long layer hausfrau coli - sacculation myenteric plexus

Question 47

appendix

Answer 47

Question 48

rectum/anal canal

Answer 48