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histology > unit 13 > Flashcards

unit 13 Flashcards

1
Q

gross anatomy of male reproductive system

A
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2
Q

gross anatomy of the testis

A
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3
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis made of

A

loose CT (parietal layer) and single layer of mesothelium (visceral layer)
contains blood vessels

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4
Q

what is the tunica albuginea made of

A

dense (fibroelastic) CT
some elastic tissue
aka capsule

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5
Q

what is the septa in the testis

A

part of the tunica albuginea that invaginates and separates seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

what is the mediastinal testis

A

thickened portion of the capsule
gateway for neurovascular and lymphatic structures

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7
Q

organization of ducts in testis

A

seminiferous tubules > straight tubules > rete testis > efferent ductules (mediastinal testis) > ductus epididymis

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8
Q

what occurs in seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenesis

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9
Q

what do the septa form

A

lobules

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10
Q

myoid cells

A

3-5 layers of flattened smooth muscle-like cells of mesodermal origin

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11
Q

what are the components of the lobule

A

interstitial stroma, seminiferous tubules, and tunica propria

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12
Q

what is contained within the interstitial stroma

A

interlobular CT, leydig cells!!

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13
Q

what are leydig cells

A

endocrine cells that secrete testosterone
contain lipid droplets

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14
Q

what is testosterone needed for

A

sexual development, maturation and maintenance of spermatogenesis

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15
Q

leydig cell appearance

A

large, polygonal, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm
round nuclei

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16
Q

characteristics of steroid secreting cells

A

extensive SER
no secretory granules!
contain Reinke’s crystals
mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae

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17
Q

hormonal relationships

A
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18
Q

what is tunica propria

A

peritubular CT
contains myoid cells and fibroblasts

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19
Q

what do myoid cells do

A

create contractile CT external to basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium
create peristaltic waves that move spermatozoa & testicular fluid out of seminiferous tubules

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20
Q

do myoid cells have a female counterpart

A

NO

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21
Q

seminiferous tubules contain

A

Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells

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22
Q

what is the outer wall of seminiferous tubule made of

A

CT and myoid cells

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23
Q

lumen of seminiferous tubules

A

stratified epithelium called seminiferous epithelium

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24
Q

what are sertoli cells

A

large support cells with nucleus perpendicular to the basement membrane

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25
Q

seminiferous epithelium characteristics

A

avascular
contains basal lamina and tight junctions
polarized
has mitotic and non mitotic regions

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26
Q

Sertoli cell appearance

A

columnar cells with extensive apical and lateral processes that extend from basement membrane to lumen
form tight junctions with adjacent Sertoli cells!!

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27
Q

sertoli cell nucleus

A

jagged euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolus

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28
Q

what forms the blood-testis barrier

A

compartmentalization by sertoli cells
mitosis occurs in basal compartment
meiosis occurs in adluminal compartment

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29
Q

consequences of the blood-testis barrier

A

excludes plasma proteins and blood borne antibodies from seminiferous tubules

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30
Q

do Sertoli cells replicate

A

NO

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31
Q

functions of the sertoli cells

A
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32
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

process by which spermatogonia develop into sperm

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33
Q

phases of spermatogenesis

A
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34
Q

what are spermatogonia

A

small cells within seminiferous tubules located near basement membrane
type A dark and pale, type B

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35
Q

spermatocytes

A

derivatives of spermatogonia B cells that undergo meiosis

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36
Q

type A dark cells

A

reserve stem cells, round basophilic nucleus, produce Ad or Ap

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37
Q

type A pale cells

A

round, euchromatic nucleus
committed to differentiation to type B

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38
Q

type B

A

spherical nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin and central nucleolus

39
Q

what happens to type B cells

A

spermatogonia divide, producing primary spermatocytes
then move to adluminal side

40
Q

spermatocyte phase

A
41
Q

spermatogonia location

A

in contact with the basement membrane

42
Q

4 phases of spermatid

A

golgi
cap
acrosome
maturation

43
Q

spermatid Golgi phase

A
44
Q

spermatid cap phase

A

nuclear material condenses, envelope looses pores and thickens
acrosomal vesicle forms cap over anterior half of nucleus

45
Q

spermatid acrosome phase

A
46
Q

spermatid maturation phase

A
47
Q

early spermatid

A

small spherical nucleus

48
Q

intermediate spermatid

A

diamond shaped nucleus

49
Q

later spermatid

A

sharply pointed nucleus, still embedded in epithelium

50
Q

spermatozoan

A

nucleus sharply pointed
released from epithelium

51
Q

mature sperm appearance

A

head is flattened and pointed
acrosomal cap secretes enzymes essential for zona pellucida penetration
neck contains centrioles
middle piece contains mitochondria

52
Q

what is spermiation

A

release of sperm from sertoli cells

53
Q

where does acquisition of motility occur

A

epididymus

54
Q

does spermatogenesis rate vary

A

yes, varies between seminiferous tubules

55
Q

straight tubules

A

short, narrow ducts lined by Sertoli cells
simple cuboidal epithelium

56
Q

do straight tubules have spermatogenic cells

A

NO

57
Q

rete testis

A

irregular, anastomosing network of tubules
wide lumen which becomes wider
simple cuboidal/low columnar epithelium
apical cilium and short microvilli

58
Q

intratesticular ducts

A
59
Q

efferent ductules

A

found in head of epididymis, connect rete testis to ductus epididymis
lined by PSCE, ciliated and nonciliated
lumen has saw tooth appearance

60
Q

epididymis

A

single, highly coiled tube
PSCE, covered by long, nonmotile microvilli (stereocilia)

61
Q

what happens in the epididymis epithelium

A

reabsorbs and digests residual bodies eliminated during spermatogenesis

62
Q

vas deferens

A

straight tube with thick muscular wall that empties into prostatic urethra
lumen lined with PSCE with stereocilia

63
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

collects fluids from glands

64
Q

prostatic urethra

A

lined by urothelium

65
Q

membranous urethra

A

transition from urothelium to PSCE

66
Q

spongy urethra

A

transitions from PSCE to stratified squamous epithelium

67
Q

main functions of epididymis

A

sperm maturation (forward motility & ability to fertilize secondary oocyte)
sperm storage until ejaculation (tail)

68
Q

what is the duct of the epididymis surrounded by

A

CT with blood vessels and covered by a capsule and tunica vaginalis

69
Q

what is the epithelium of the epididymis surrounded by

A

thin circular layer of smooth muscle cells
second layer present in body and tail

70
Q

epididymis principal cells

A

contain long microvilli, aid in maturation of sperm

71
Q

where is stereocilia found

A

in epididymis, vas defrens, and inner ear

72
Q

what is stereocilia

A

extremely long processes that extend from apical surface, facilitate absorption

73
Q

epithelium of vas deferens

A

PSCE with stereocilia

74
Q

mucosa of vas deferens

A

characterized by folds extending into the lumen

75
Q

muscularis layer of vas deferens

A

three layers of smooth muscle
inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal

76
Q

spermatic cord includes

A

pampiniform plexus of veins
testicular artery
nerves
cremaster muscle
small arteries to vas deferens

77
Q

seminal vesicles info

A

secretions make up 70% of semen volume
fluid is rich in fructose, prostaglandins, absorb acid that provides sperm with energy

78
Q

what are seminal vesicles

A

coiled tubular glands that lie between bladder and rectum

79
Q

histology of seminal vesicles

A

PSCE lines lumen
fibroelastic CT lamina propria
mucosa is thrown into 1º, 2º, and 3º folds that increase secretory SA
inner circular, outer longitudinal SM
outermost layer is adventitia

80
Q

prostate gland info

A

secretions are clear, rich in proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatases
reduces acidity of vagina!, dilutes semen, provides medium for sperm

81
Q

prostate gland size/location

A

size of a walnut, inferior to bladder
surrounds prostatic urethra

82
Q

central zone of prostate gland

A

surrounds ejaculatory ducts, resistant to carcinoma/inflammation
25% of glandular tissue

83
Q

peripheral zone of prostate gland

A

posterior and lateral aspects, palpable during rectal exam, most susceptible to cancer and inflammation, 70% of glandular tissue

84
Q

transitional zone of prostate gland

A

surrounds prostatic urethra, contains mucosal glands
site of benign prostatic hyperplasia
5%

85
Q

periurethral zone of prostate gland

A

mucosal and submucosal glands

86
Q

what does the prostate gland consist of

A

30-50 compound tubuloalveolar glands arranged in three sets

87
Q

what are the three gland sets of the prostate gland

A

inner mucosal
submucosal
peripheral glands

88
Q

histology of glandular portion of prostate

A

simple cuboidal
simple low columnar
PSC

89
Q
A
90
Q

prostatic concretions

A

calcified prostatic secretions, typically display concentric rings, increase with age

91
Q

what are bulbourethral glands

A

small, paired pea-sized glands, superior to perineal membrane

92
Q

bulbourethral gland secretions

A

mucous-like, contain abundant galactose and sialic acid, emptied into penile urethra
lubrication function and emission of semen

93
Q

bulbourethral gland, histologically

A

histology (15 decks)

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