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unit 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

gross anatomy of male reproductive system

A
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2
Q

gross anatomy of the testis

A
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3
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis made of

A

loose CT (parietal layer) and single layer of mesothelium (visceral layer)
contains blood vessels

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4
Q

what is the tunica albuginea made of

A

dense (fibroelastic) CT
some elastic tissue
aka capsule

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5
Q

what is the septa in the testis

A

part of the tunica albuginea that invaginates and separates seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

what is the mediastinal testis

A

thickened portion of the capsule
gateway for neurovascular and lymphatic structures

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7
Q

organization of ducts in testis

A

seminiferous tubules > straight tubules > rete testis > efferent ductules (mediastinal testis) > ductus epididymis

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8
Q

what occurs in seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenesis

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9
Q

what do the septa form

A

lobules

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10
Q

myoid cells

A

3-5 layers of flattened smooth muscle-like cells of mesodermal origin

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11
Q

what are the components of the lobule

A

interstitial stroma, seminiferous tubules, and tunica propria

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12
Q

what is contained within the interstitial stroma

A

interlobular CT, leydig cells!!

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13
Q

what are leydig cells

A

endocrine cells that secrete testosterone
contain lipid droplets

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14
Q

what is testosterone needed for

A

sexual development, maturation and maintenance of spermatogenesis

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15
Q

leydig cell appearance

A

large, polygonal, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm
round nuclei

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16
Q

characteristics of steroid secreting cells

A

extensive SER
no secretory granules!
contain Reinke’s crystals
mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae

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17
Q

hormonal relationships

A
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18
Q

what is tunica propria

A

peritubular CT
contains myoid cells and fibroblasts

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19
Q

what do myoid cells do

A

create contractile CT external to basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium
create peristaltic waves that move spermatozoa & testicular fluid out of seminiferous tubules

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20
Q

do myoid cells have a female counterpart

A

NO

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21
Q

seminiferous tubules contain

A

Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells

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22
Q

what is the outer wall of seminiferous tubule made of

A

CT and myoid cells

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23
Q

lumen of seminiferous tubules

A

stratified epithelium called seminiferous epithelium

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24
Q

what are sertoli cells

A

large support cells with nucleus perpendicular to the basement membrane

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25
seminiferous epithelium characteristics
avascular contains basal lamina and tight junctions polarized has mitotic and non mitotic regions
26
Sertoli cell appearance
columnar cells with extensive apical and lateral processes that extend from basement membrane to lumen form tight junctions with adjacent Sertoli cells!!
27
sertoli cell nucleus
jagged euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolus
28
what forms the blood-testis barrier
compartmentalization by sertoli cells mitosis occurs in basal compartment meiosis occurs in adluminal compartment
29
consequences of the blood-testis barrier
excludes plasma proteins and blood borne antibodies from seminiferous tubules
30
do Sertoli cells replicate
NO
31
functions of the sertoli cells
32
what is spermatogenesis
process by which spermatogonia develop into sperm
33
phases of spermatogenesis
34
what are spermatogonia
small cells within seminiferous tubules located near basement membrane type A dark and pale, type B
35
spermatocytes
derivatives of spermatogonia B cells that undergo meiosis
36
type A dark cells
reserve stem cells, round basophilic nucleus, produce Ad or Ap
37
type A pale cells
round, euchromatic nucleus committed to differentiation to type B
38
type B
spherical nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin and central nucleolus
39
what happens to type B cells
spermatogonia divide, producing primary spermatocytes then move to adluminal side
40
spermatocyte phase
41
spermatogonia location
in contact with the basement membrane
42
4 phases of spermatid
golgi cap acrosome maturation
43
spermatid Golgi phase
44
spermatid cap phase
nuclear material condenses, envelope looses pores and thickens acrosomal vesicle forms cap over anterior half of nucleus
45
spermatid acrosome phase
46
spermatid maturation phase
47
early spermatid
small spherical nucleus
48
intermediate spermatid
diamond shaped nucleus
49
later spermatid
sharply pointed nucleus, still embedded in epithelium
50
spermatozoan
nucleus sharply pointed released from epithelium
51
mature sperm appearance
head is flattened and pointed acrosomal cap secretes enzymes essential for zona pellucida penetration neck contains centrioles middle piece contains mitochondria
52
what is spermiation
release of sperm from sertoli cells
53
where does acquisition of motility occur
epididymus
54
does spermatogenesis rate vary
yes, varies between seminiferous tubules
55
straight tubules
short, narrow ducts lined by Sertoli cells simple cuboidal epithelium
56
do straight tubules have spermatogenic cells
NO
57
rete testis
irregular, anastomosing network of tubules wide lumen which becomes wider simple cuboidal/low columnar epithelium apical cilium and short microvilli
58
intratesticular ducts
59
efferent ductules
found in head of epididymis, connect rete testis to ductus epididymis lined by PSCE, ciliated and nonciliated lumen has saw tooth appearance
60
epididymis
single, highly coiled tube PSCE, covered by long, nonmotile microvilli (stereocilia)
61
what happens in the epididymis epithelium
reabsorbs and digests residual bodies eliminated during spermatogenesis
62
vas deferens
straight tube with thick muscular wall that empties into prostatic urethra lumen lined with PSCE with stereocilia
63
ejaculatory duct
collects fluids from glands
64
prostatic urethra
lined by urothelium
65
membranous urethra
transition from urothelium to PSCE
66
spongy urethra
transitions from PSCE to stratified squamous epithelium
67
main functions of epididymis
sperm maturation (forward motility & ability to fertilize secondary oocyte) sperm storage until ejaculation (tail)
68
what is the duct of the epididymis surrounded by
CT with blood vessels and covered by a capsule and tunica vaginalis
69
what is the epithelium of the epididymis surrounded by
thin circular layer of smooth muscle cells second layer present in body and tail
70
epididymis principal cells
contain long microvilli, aid in maturation of sperm
71
where is stereocilia found
in epididymis, vas defrens, and inner ear
72
what is stereocilia
extremely long processes that extend from apical surface, facilitate absorption
73
epithelium of vas deferens
PSCE with stereocilia
74
mucosa of vas deferens
characterized by folds extending into the lumen
75
muscularis layer of vas deferens
three layers of smooth muscle inner longitudinal middle circular outer longitudinal
76
spermatic cord includes
pampiniform plexus of veins testicular artery nerves cremaster muscle small arteries to vas deferens
77
seminal vesicles info
secretions make up 70% of semen volume fluid is rich in fructose, prostaglandins, absorb acid that provides sperm with energy
78
what are seminal vesicles
coiled tubular glands that lie between bladder and rectum
79
histology of seminal vesicles
PSCE lines lumen fibroelastic CT lamina propria mucosa is thrown into 1º, 2º, and 3º folds that increase secretory SA inner circular, outer longitudinal SM outermost layer is adventitia
80
prostate gland info
secretions are clear, rich in proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatases reduces acidity of vagina!, dilutes semen, provides medium for sperm
81
prostate gland size/location
size of a walnut, inferior to bladder surrounds prostatic urethra
82
central zone of prostate gland
surrounds ejaculatory ducts, resistant to carcinoma/inflammation 25% of glandular tissue
83
peripheral zone of prostate gland
posterior and lateral aspects, palpable during rectal exam, most susceptible to cancer and inflammation, 70% of glandular tissue
84
transitional zone of prostate gland
surrounds prostatic urethra, contains mucosal glands site of benign prostatic hyperplasia 5%
85
periurethral zone of prostate gland
mucosal and submucosal glands
86
what does the prostate gland consist of
30-50 compound tubuloalveolar glands arranged in three sets
87
what are the three gland sets of the prostate gland
inner mucosal submucosal peripheral glands
88
histology of glandular portion of prostate
simple cuboidal simple low columnar PSC
89
90
prostatic concretions
calcified prostatic secretions, typically display concentric rings, increase with age
91
what are bulbourethral glands
small, paired pea-sized glands, superior to perineal membrane
92
bulbourethral gland secretions
mucous-like, contain abundant galactose and sialic acid, emptied into penile urethra lubrication function and emission of semen
93
bulbourethral gland, histologically

histology (15 decks)

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