Unit 14

Question 0

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition

Answer 0

Attribution theory

Question 1

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

When analyzing behavior, the tendency to underestimate impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of the personal disposition

Answer 2

Fundamental attribution error

Question 3

Feelings often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Answer 3

Attitude

Question 4

Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speakers attractiveness

Answer 4

Peripheral route persuasion

Question 5

Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Answer 5

Central route persuasion

Question 6

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Answer 6

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Question 7

Set of expectations (norms) about a social positioned defining how those in the position ought to behave

Answer 7

Role

Question 8

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Answer 8

Cognitive dissonance

Question 9

Unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones

Answer 9

Chameleon effect

Question 10

Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Answer 10

Conformity

Question 11

Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or to avoid disapproval

Answer 11

Normative social influence

Question 12

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Answer 12

Informational social influence

Question 13

Stronger responses on a simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Answer 13

Social facilitation

Question 14

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Answer 14

Social loafing

Question 15

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 15

Deindividuation

Question 16

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Answer 16

Group polarization

Question 17

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 17

Group think

Question 18

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 18

Culture

Question 19

Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 19

Norms

Question 20

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Answer 20

Personal space

Question 21

An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

Answer 21

Prejudice

Question 22

A generalized belief about a group of people

Answer 22

Stereotype

Question 23

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Answer 23

Discrimination

Question 24

People with whom we share a common identity

Answer 24

Ingroup "we"

Question 25

Those perceived as different or apart from our group

Answer 25

Outgroup "them"

Question 26

The tendency to favor our own group

Answer 26

Ingroup bias

Question 27

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Answer 27

Scapegoat theory

Question 28

The tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other faces

Answer 28

Other-race effect

Question 29

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Answer 29

Just-world phenomenon

Question 30

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Answer 30

Agression

Question 31

The principle that frustration (the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression

Answer 31

Frustration-aggression principle

Question 32

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Answer 32

Mere-exposure effect

Question 33

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Answer 33

Passionate love

Question 34

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Answer 34

Compassionate love

Question 35

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Answer 35

Equity

Question 36

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 36

Self-disclosure

Question 37

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 37

Altruism

Question 38

Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 38

Bystander effect

Question 39

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Answer 39

Reciprocity norm

Question 40

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Answer 40

Social-responsibility norm

Question 41

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Answer 41

Conflict

Question 42

Situations in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Answer 42

Social traps

Question 43

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Answer 43

Mirror-image perceptions

Question 44

Beliefs that lead to its own fulfillment

Answer 44

Self-fullfilling prophecy

Question 45

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Answer 45

Superordinate goal