Unit 7B

Question 1

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

A mental image or best example of a category

Answer 2

Prototype

Question 3

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Answer 3

Concept

Question 4

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem

Answer 4

Algorithm

Question 5

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
-more error prone that algorithms

Answer 5

Heuristics

Question 6

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 6

Insight

Question 7

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 7

Creativity

Question 8

A tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and ignore contradictory evidence

Answer 8

Confirmation bias

Question 9

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Answer 9

Fixation

Question 10

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way that has been successful in the past

Answer 10

Mental set

Question 11

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Answer 11

Functional fixedness

Question 12

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match a prototype

Answer 12

Representative heuristic

Question 13

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Answer 13

Availability heuristic

Question 14

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Answer 14

Overconfidence

Question 15

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Answer 15

Belief perseverance

Question 16

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Answer 16

Intuition

Question 17

The way an issue is posed that significantly affects decisions and judgements

Answer 17

Framing

Question 18

Spoken, written, or signed words and how we combine them to give them meaning

Answer 18

Language

Question 19

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Answer 19

Phoneme

Question 20

In language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Answer 20

Grammar

Question 21

In language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word

Answer 21

Morpheme

Question 22

Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning

Answer 22

Semantics

Question 23

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Answer 23

Syntax

Question 24

Beginning at about 4 months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters sounds

Answer 24

Babbling stage

Question 25

The stage in speech development, from about age 1-2 when child speaks mostly in single words

Answer 25

One-word stage

Question 26

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development when a child speaks mostly two-word statements

Answer 26

Two-word stage

Question 27

Early speech stage when a child speaks like a telegram (go car) using mostly nouns and verbs

Answer 27

Telegraphic speech

Question 28

Language determines the way we think

Answer 28

Linguistic determination