Unit 2

Question 1

Tendency to think events are more predictable than they are

Answer 1

Hindsight bias

Question 2

An awareness of our own vulnerability to error and an openness to surprises and new perspectives

Answer 2

Humility

Question 3

Examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

Answer 3

Critical thinking

Question 4

Explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 4

Scientific theory

Question 5

Testable predictions produced from theory

Answer 5

Hypotheses

Question 6

A statement of the operations used to define research variables

Answer 6

Operational definitions

Question 7

Observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 7

Case study

Question 8

A technique to estimate, from a representative sample of people, the attitudes or reported behaviors of a while population

Answer 8

Survey

Question 9

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation

Answer 9

Naturalistic observation

Question 10

A statistical index of the relationship between two things

Answer 10

Correlation coefficient

Question 11

Variables rise and fall together

Answer 11

Positive correlation

Question 12

One goes up, other goes down

Answer 12

Negative correlation

Question 13

Perceived, but nonexistent correlation

-Getting the flu from it being cold out

Answer 13

Illusory correlation

Question 14

Research method in which an investigator manipulates variables to observe an effect

Answer 14

Experiment

Question 15

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

Answer 15

Random assignment

Question 16

Both research participants and staff are “blind” about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo

Answer 16

Double-blind procedure

Question 17

Boost of spirits,relaxation of the body, and relief of symptoms from thinking you have received treatment for an illness/disorder

Answer 17

Placebo effect

Question 18

People in an experiment who received the treatment

Answer 18

Experimental group

Question 19

People in an experiment who do not receive the treatment

Answer 19

Control group

Question 20

Variable that varies independently of other factors

Answer 20

Independent variable

Question 21

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect on an experiment

Answer 21

Confounding variable

Question 22

Variable that varies depending on experiment

Answer 22

Dependent Variable

Question 23

Most frequently occurring score

Answer 23

Mode

Question 24

The average

Answer 24

Mean

Question 25

The midpoint

Answer 25

Median

Question 26

How similar and diverse scores are

Answer 26

Amount of variation

Question 27

Gap between lowest and highest scores

Answer 27

Range

Question 28

Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Answer 28

Standard deviation

Question 29

Bell-shaped curve

Answer 29

Normal curve

Question 30

How likely it is that at obtained result occurred by chance

Answer 30

Statistical significance

Question 31

Shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next

Answer 31

Culture