Unit 8 Flashcards
Need/desire that energizes and directs behavior
Motivation
Complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Instinct
Idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-reduction theory
Tendency to maintain a balanced inner state
Homeostasis
Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentives
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs
Hierarchy of needs
Form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides body with energy
Glucose
Point when a person’s weight thermostat is set
-when body falls below this weight, metabolism slows and hunger increases
Set Point
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
When a person diets and becomes underweight but still feels fat
Anorexia Nervosa
Episodes of overeating, usually high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, fasting, pooping, or excessive exercise
Bulimia Nervosa
Significant binge eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt
Binge-eating Disorder
The four stages of sexual responding
Sexual Response Cycle
A resting period after orgasm, when a man can’t have another orgasm
Refractory Period
Sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by females than males and contribute to sex characteristics
Estrogen
Most important male sex hormone; stimulates development of male sex characteristics in puberty
Testosterone
An enduring sexual attraction towards one’s own sex or the other sex
-gay or straight
Sexual Orientation
Response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
Emotion
Arousal, then emotion
James-Lange Theory
Arousal and emotion at the same time
Cannon Bard Theory
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Two Factory Theory
Arousal/excitement/speeds up
Sympathetic Nervous System
Calming/slows down
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Small region of neurons; lights up when people experience natural/drug-induced pleasure
Nucleus Accumbens
