Unit 8- Chapters 23 and 24

Question 1

Animals are the most…

Answer 1

…physically diverse kigndom of organisms

Question 2

all animals share…

Answer 2

…a set of characteristics

Question 3

collagen

Answer 3

a three-stranded protein unique to animal

Question 4

homeotic

Answer 4

genes that are a class of genes that control early development

Question 5

homeobox

Answer 5

defini the head-to-tail pattern of development in animal embryos

Question 6

Each animal phylum has…

Answer 6

…a unique body plan

Question 7

animals are grouped using…

Answer 7

…a variety of criteria

Question 8

A comparison of structure and genetics reveals…

Answer 8

… the evolutionary history of animals

Question 9

vertebrate

Answer 9

an animal with an internal segmented backbone

Question 10

invertebrate

Answer 10

an animal without internal segmented backbones

Question 11

phylum

Answer 11

a group of animals defined by structural and functional characteristics that are different from every other animal group

Question 12

bilateral symmetry

Answer 12

symmetry that divides an animal equally along only one plane

Question 13

radial symmetry

Answer 13

symmetry that divides an animal in a circle around a central axis

Question 14

protostome

Answer 14

when the mouth is formed first

Question 15

deuterostomes

Answer 15

when the anus is formed first

Question 16

sponges have… but no…

Answer 16

…specialized cells …tissues

Question 17

Cnidarians are the…

Answer 17

…oldest existing animals that have specialized tissues

Question 18

sessile

Answer 18

unable to move

Question 19

filter feeders

Answer 19

eat by straining particles from the water

Question 20

polyp

Answer 20

cylindrical tubes with mouth and tentacles facing upward

Question 21

medusa

Answer 21

umbrella-shaped with mouths and tentacles downward

Question 22

mesoglea

Answer 22

jellylike material that separates the two tissue layers of cnidarians

Question 23

nematocyst

Answer 23

the stinging structures foun on both sea anemones and jellyfish

Question 24

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 24

saclike digestive space in a cnidarians

Question 25

flatworms are...

Answer 25

...simple bilateral animals

Question 26

molluska are...

Answer 26

...diverse animals

Question 27

annelids have...

Answer 27

...segmented bodies

Question 28

flatworms (3 types)

Answer 28

planarians, flukes, tapeworms

Question 29

complete digestive tract

Answer 29

consists of two openings (anus and mouth) at opposite ends of a continuous tube

Question 30

radula

Answer 30

a filelike feeding organ

Question 31

hemocoel

Answer 31

consists of spaces between cells within the animal's tissues

Question 32

segmentation

Answer 32

refers to the repeated sectinos of an annelid's long body that contain a complex set of body structures

Question 33

coelom

Answer 33

a fluid-filled space that is completely surrounded by muscle

Question 34

roundworms shed their...

Answer 34

...stiff outer skeletons as they grow

Question 35

many roundworms are...

Answer 35

...parasites

Question 36

cuticle

Answer 36

made of chitin and must be shed whenever the animal grows larger

Question 37

pseudocoelem

Answer 37

not completely lined by muscle

Question 38

echinoderms have...

Answer 38

...radial symmetry

Question 39

there are ___ classes of echinoderms

Answer 39

five

Question 40

ossicle

Answer 40

interlocking calcium-based plates making up the internal skeleton of an echinoderms

Question 41

water vascular system

Answer 41

a series of water-filled radial canals that extend along each arm from the ring canal surrounding the central disk

Question 42

arthropod features are...

Answer 42

...highly adapted

Question 43

arthropod exoskeletons serve...

Answer 43

...a variety of functions

Question 44

arthropod diversity evolved over...

Answer 44

...millions of years

Question 45

arthropod

Answer 45

an invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton made of chitin; a series of paired jointed appendages; and segmented body parts

Question 46

exoskeleton

Answer 46

an external skeleton that supports the animal's tissues against gravity

Question 47

chitin

Answer 47

a long organic molecule made of sugars that is arranged in layers

Question 48

appendage

Answer 48

an extension of an organism's body

Question 49

segmentation

Answer 49

describes how an arthropod's body parts are divided into similar sections that have each evolved for a different function

Question 50

arthropods (5 groups)

Answer 50

``` trilobites crustaceans chelicerates (arachnids) insects myriapods ```

Question 51

crustaceans evolved as...

Answer 51

...marine arthropods

Question 52

crustacean appendages can...

Answer 52

...take many forms

Question 53

there are many different types of...

Answer 53

...crustaceans

Question 54

crustaceans

Answer 54

a group of arthropods that have two distinct body sections, a hard exoskeleton

Question 55

cephalothorax

Answer 55

the region of an organism in which the head and trunk region are combined into one long section

Question 56

abdomen

Answer 56

rear portion of the organism

Question 57

carapace

Answer 57

covers the sides of the body and protects the gills

Question 58

mandibles

Answer 58

highly adapted appendages that crush and bite food before ingestion

Question 59

arachnids are the...

Answer 59

...largest group of chelicerates

Question 60

arachnids have evolved into a...

Answer 60

...diverse group

Question 61

chelicerates

Answer 61

arthropods that lack antennae and have six pairs of appendages, which incle four pairs of walking legs

Question 62

arachnids

Answer 62

a terresrial group of chelicerates characterized by eight legs, fanglike pincers that inject venom, and the ability to produce silk

Question 63

book lungs

Answer 63

structures built of many thin, hollow sheets of tissue that look like the pages of a book

Question 64

spiracles

Answer 64

tiny holes on the abdomen that open and close to allow oxygen to enter

Question 65

tracheae

Answer 65

carry oxygen directly to the arachnid's tissues

Question 66

insects are the dominant...

Answer 66

...terrestrial arthropods

Question 67

insects undergo...

Answer 67

...metamorphosis

Question 68

insects have adapted to...

Answer 68

...life on land

Question 69

incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 69

direct developmet egg to nymph to adult nymph looks similar to adult

Question 70

complete metamorphosis

Answer 70

young insects do not look like adults but molt and change | egg to larva to pupa to adult

Question 71

pupa

Answer 71

an inactive form of an insect

Question 72

arthropods and humans share...

Answer 72

...many of the same resources

Question 73

some arthropods cna spread..

Answer 73

...human diseases

Question 74

insecticide

Answer 74

a chemical compound that kills insects and other arthropods

Question 75

vector

Answer 75

an organism that carries a disease from one host to another