Unit 6- Chapters 18 and 19

Question 1

Viruses, bacteria, viroids, and prions can all…

Answer 1

…cause infection

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

An infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

Question 3

Pathogen

Answer 3

any living organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease
same as infectious agent

Question 4

Viroids

Answer 4

infectious particles that cause disease in plants

Question 5

Prion

Answer 5

an infectious particle made only of proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly

Question 6

Viruses differ in…

Answer 6

…shape and in ways of entering host cells

Question 7

Viruses cause…

Answer 7

…two types of infections

Question 8

Capsid

Answer 8

a protein shell that surrounds the genetic materail in a virus

Question 9

Bacteriophages

Answer 9

viruses that infect bacteria

Question 10

Lytic Infection

Answer 10

an infectious pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing thenew viral offspring intho the host’s system

Question 11

Lysogenic Infection

Answer 11

a phage combines its DNA into the host cell’s DNA

Question 12

Prophage

Answer 12

the phage DNA inserted into the host cell’s DNA

Question 13

Viruses cause many…

Answer 13

…infectious diseases

Question 14

Vaccinesare made from…

Answer 14

…weakened pathogens

Question 15

Epidemic

Answer 15

a rapid outbreak of an infection that affects many people

Question 16

Vaccine

Answer 16

a substance that stimulates the body’s own immune response against invasion by microbes

Question 17

retrovirus

Answer 17

a virus that contains RNA and uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy

Question 18

Prokaryots are widespread…

Answer 18

…on earth

Question 19

Bacteria an archaea are…

Answer 19

…structually similar but have different molecular characteristics

Question 20

Bacteria have variou strategies for…

Answer 20

…survival

Question 21

obligate anaerobe

Answer 21

poisoned by oxygen

Question 22

obligate aerobe

Answer 22

organisms that need oxygen

Question 23

faculatative aerobe

Answer 23

organisms that can survive with and without oxygen

Question 24

Plasmid

Answer 24

a small piece of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryote’s main chromosome

Question 25

Flagellum

Answer 25

a long, whip-like structure outside of a cell that is used for movement

Question 26

conjugation

Answer 26

the process by which prokaryotes can exchange parts of their chromosome through a hollow bridge of pili formed to connect two or more cells

Question 27

endospore

Answer 27

a specialized cell with a thick portective wall

Question 28

Prokaryotes provide...

Answer 28

...nutrients to humans and other animals

Question 29

Prokaryotes play important...

Answer 29

...roles in ecosystems

Question 30

bioremediation

Answer 30

a process that uses microbes and other living things to break down pollutants

Question 31

some bacteria cause...

Answer 31

...disease

Question 32

antibiotics are used to fight...

Answer 32

...bacterial disease

Question 33

Bacteria can...

Answer 33

...evolve resistance to antibiotics

Question 34

Toxin

Answer 34

a poison released by an organism

Question 35

Antibiotic

Answer 35

chemicals that kill or slowthe growth of bacteria

Question 36

Protists can be...

Answer 36

...animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike

Question 37

Protisit are difficult to...

Answer 37

...classify

Question 38

protist

Answer 38

aeukaryots that is not an animal, a plant, or a fungus

Question 39

animal-like protists move in...

Answer 39

...various ways

Question 40

some animal-like protists cause...

Answer 40

...disease

Question 41

protozoa

Answer 41

often used informally to describe the many phylaof animal-like protists same as zooplankton

Question 42

Pseudopod

Answer 42

"fake foot" | a temporary extension of cytoplasm and plasmamembrane that helps protozoa move and feed

Question 43

Cillia

Answer 43

short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food

Question 44

plantlike protists can be...

Answer 44

...single-celled or multicellular

Question 45

Many plantlike protists can reproduce both...

Answer 45

...sexually and a sexually

Question 46

algae

Answer 46

photosynthetic plantlike protists

Question 47

Slime molds and water molds are...

Answer 47

...funguslike protists

Question 48

Slime molds

Answer 48

eukaryotic organisms that have both funguslike and animallike traits

Question 49

water molds

Answer 49

funguslike protists that aremade up of branching strands of cells

Question 50

Fungi are adpadted to absorb their food from...

Answer 50

...the environment

Question 51

fungi come in many...

Answer 51

...shapes and sizes

Question 52

fungi reproduce...

Answer 52

...sexually and asexually

Question 53

chitin

Answer 53

a tough polysaccharide that is also found in the shells of insects and their close relatives

Question 54

hyphae

Answer 54

bodies of multicellular fungi are made of long strands

Question 55

mycelium

Answer 55

groups of hyphae in long tangles masses

Question 56

fruiting body

Answer 56

a reproductive structure of a fungus that grows above ground

Question 57

Mycorrhizae

Answer 57

mutualistic partnerships between fungi and the roots of certain plants

Question 58

sporangi

Answer 58

spore-forming structures at thhe tips of their hyphae

Question 59

Fungi may be...

Answer 59

...decomposers, pathogens, or mutalists

Question 60

fungi are studied for...

Answer 60

...many purposes

Question 61

lichen

Answer 61

a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and algae or phtosynthetic bacteria