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Biology Honors > Unit 1-Chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1-Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

Vocabulary and Key Topics

1
Q

biosphere

A

all living things and all the places thay are found

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2
Q

biodiversity

A

the variety of life across the biosphere

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3
Q

species

A

particular type of living things that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

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4
Q

biology

A

scientific study of all forms of life

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5
Q

organism

A

any individual living thing

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6
Q

4 characteristics of an organism

A
  1. made up of one of more cells
  2. use energy for life processes
  3. repsond to the environment
  4. have successful offspring
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7
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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8
Q

metabolism

A

all of the chemical processes that build up or break down materials

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9
Q

DNA

A

genetic material in a molecule (deoxyribonucleic acd)

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10
Q

system

A

an organized group of related parts

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11
Q

4 unifying themes of biology

A
  1. systems of related parts
  2. a structure that relates to its function
  3. maintain homeostasis
  4. evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
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12
Q

ecosystem

A

physical environment with different species that interact with oe another and with nonliving things

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintainence of constant internal conditions

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14
Q

evolution

A

change in living things over time

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15
Q

adaptation

A

an inherited trait that gives an advantage to individual organisms and is passed on to future destinations

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16
Q

evolution accounts for…

A

unity and diversity in life

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17
Q

observation

A

includes using our sense to study the world, but it may also involve other tools

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18
Q

data

A

observations that can be analyzed (numbers)

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19
Q

hypothesis

A

proposed answer for a scientific question (if…then…because)

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20
Q

experiments

A

scientists study factore called independent and dependent variables to find cause-and-effect relationships

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21
Q

independent variable

A

a condition that is manipulated by the scientist

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22
Q

dependent variable

A

observed and measured during an experiment

show effect of independent variable

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23
Q

constant

A

a condition that is kept the same throughout the experiment

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24
Q

theory

A

proposed explantation for a wide range of observations and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence

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25
microscope
provide an enlarged image of an object
26
gene
a segment of DNA that stores genetic information
27
molecular genetics
study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level
28
genomics
study and comparison of genomes both within and across species
29
biotechnology
use and applacation of living things and biological processes
30
transgenic
organisms that have genes from more than one species
31
atoms
smallest basic unit of matter
32
element
one particular type of an atom; can be broken down
33
compound
a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
34
ionic bond
bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
35
ion
an atom that has gained or lost one electron
36
covalent bond
a bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons
37
molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
38
hydrogen bond
an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
39
cohesion
the attraction among molecules of a substance
40
adhesion
attraction among molecules of different substances
41
Hydrigen bonds are responsible for ... in water
1. high specific heat 2. adhesion 3. cohesion
42
solution
a mixture of substances that is the same throughout
43
solvent
the substance that is present in the greater amount | disolves another substance
44
solute
a substance that dissolves in a solvent
45
acid
compound that releases a proton (hydrogen ion H+) when it dissolves in water
46
base
compound that removes a proton (hydrogen ion H+) when it dissolves in water
47
pH
a solutions acidity/H+ concentration
48
monomer
a subunit in the complete molecule
49
polymer
a large molecule made of monomers bonded together
50
carbohydrate
molecules composed of carbon; hydrogen, and oxygen | source of energy
51
carbon
uniques bonding properties 4 bonding sites straight, branched, and ring
52
lipid
nonpolar molecules fats, oils, and cholesterol source of energy and make up structure
53
fatty acid
chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
54
protein
polymer of amino acids
55
amino acid
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen 20 different ones bonded with peptide bonds
56
chemical reaction
change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
57
reactants
substances changed during a chemical reaction
58
products
substances made by a chemical reaction
59
bond energy
amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
60
equilibrium
when reactants and products are made at the same rate
61
activation energy
amount of energy needed to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
62
exothermic
when a chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs
63
endothermic
when a chemical reaction abosorbs more energy than it releases
64
catalyst
a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction increases rate of reaction
65
enzyme
a catalyst for chemical reactions in living things
66
substrate
the specific reactants that an enzyme reacts on
67
Earth is home to...
...an incredible diversity of life
68
all organism share...
...certain characteristics
69
all levels of life have...
...systems of related parts
70
structure and ______ are related in biology
function
71
organisms must maintian...
...homeostasis to survive in diverse environments
72
evolution explains...
...the unity and diversity of life
73
biology is a process of...
...inquiry
74
biologists use...
...experiments to test hypothesis
75
a theory explains...
...a wide range of observations
76
imaging technologies provide...
...new views of life
77
complex systems are...
...modeled on computers
78
the tools of molecular genetics give rise to...
...new biological studies
79
your health and the health of the environment depend on...
...your knowledge of biology
80
biotechnology offers...
...great promise but also raises many issues
81
biology presents...
...many unanswered questions
82
living things consist of...
...atoms of different elements
83
ions from when...
...atoms gain or lose electrons
84
atoms share...
...pairs of electrons in covalent bonds
85
life depends on...
...hydrogen bonds in water
86
many compunds dissolve in...
...water
87
some compounds form...
...acids or bases
88
carbon atoms have...
...unique bonding properties
89
four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in...
...living things
90
bonds break and form during...
...chemical reactions
91
chemical reasctions release or absorb...
...energy
92
a catalyst lowers...
...activation energy
93
enzymes allow...
...chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions

Biology Honors (10 decks)

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