Uself midterm reviewer Flashcards by Jeck Puno

» came from the words “philo” which means love
and “sophia” which means wisdom

PHILOSOPHY

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“Take care of your body as if you were
going to live forever, take care of your
soul as if you were going to die
tomorrow.”
» focuses on the goodness, divine, and GOD.

ST. AUGUSTINE

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“An unexamined life is not worth living”
» focuses more on the self.
» The first philosopher to engage in a systematic
questioning about the self
» He believes that our body or individual’s reality is
divided by two parts.
» For Socrates, every man is composed of body
and
soul.
» DUALISM

SOCRATES

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“I think, therefore I am.”
» Father of Modern Philosophy
» There is so much we should doubt.

RENE DESCARTES

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» cognition or thinking

COGITO

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» extension of the mind and body

EXTENZA

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» consists of the world that we are living in.
» the world that changes and temporary.

PHYSICAL REALM

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“There is no self.”
» The most controversial.
» Self doesn’t exist and self is just a combination
of perceptions.

DAVID HUME

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» concepts about the universe, truth, goodness
and
beauty.
» things that does not undergo changes and are
ever-lasting.

IDEAL REALM

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» the basic object of our experience or sensation.

IMPRESSIONS

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» copies of impressions

IDEAS

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» the ability to consciously reflect on one’s own
thoughts.

INTROSPECTION

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“All our knowledge begins with the senses,
proceeds then to the understanding, and ends
with reason. There is nothing higher than
reason.”
» mind and reason.
APPARATUS OF THE MIND
» which consists of ideas that cannot be found in
the world but is only built in our minds (e.g. time
and space).

IMMANUEL KANT

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“The soul is synonymous with the self.”
» He supported Socrates’ idea that a man is a dual
nature of body and soul.
» self is temporary and soul is eternal
THE TRIPARTITE SOUL
» Rational- forged by reason and intellect.
» Spirited- in charge of emotions.
» Appetitive- our desire that we need enable to
live

PLATO

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“I act, therefore I am.”
» focuses on our behavior.
» Our behavior is what makes us a person.

GILBERT RYLE

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“The mind and the body are so intertwined that
they cannot be separated from one another.”
» We cannot separate mind and body.

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

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» a human child who has lived isolated from
human contact from a young age with little no
experience of human care, behavior, or human
language. They are typically portrayed at being
raised by animals.
» Feral children challenged the long standing
notion of humans being special.

FERRAL CHILD or WILD CHILD

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» a French sociologist, believes that the self has
two faces; the personne and moi.

MARCEL MAUSS

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» person’s sense of who he is, his body, basic
identity, biological givenness.

MOI

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» is a social concept of what it means to be who
he is. What it means to live in a particular
institution, family, religion, nationality, or how to
behave in given expectations/influences.
THE SELF AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
SOCIAL WORLD

PERSONNE

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» A noted Feral Child who was sold to a
goatherder to become a serf
» He later became the subject of the film
Entrelobos or Among Wolves movie.

MARCOS RODRIGUEZ PANTOJA

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» distinct from any other selves
» always unique and has its own identity.

SEPARATE

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» a philosopher, psychologist and sociologist,
supports the view that a person develops a
sense of self through social interaction.

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

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» allows it to be studied, described, and
measured.

CONSISTENCY

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» The or the social self, is what is learned in interaction with others and with the environment other people's attitudes, once internalized in the self, all form the Me. » The "Me" disciplines the "I" by holding it back from breaking the law of the community.

“ME”

» self-sorts out information, feelings, emotions, and thought processes within the self.

THE SELF IS PRIVATE

» Is the response to the “me” and to the attitude of others. This means that the “I” is when the individual identity and one’s unique trait is stepping in on our personal responses to what society thinks.

“I”

» the clash of self and external reality is the reason for the self to have a clear understanding on what it might be, what it can be, what it will be.

SELF IS ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL WORLD

» center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person. » Basically the command center or an individual where all processes, emotions, and thoughts converge.

SELF IS UNITARY

» Imitation stage » Children imitate those around them. » Self is not yet developed.

PREPARATORY STAGE (0-3)

» Children are said to believe to learn selfdevelopment and interaction through pretend play in this stage. » Focuses on role taking based on their perceived point of view. » Self is developing. » Begin to understand the perspective of others.

PLAY STAGE (3-6)

» At this stage, children become concerned about and take into account in their behavior the generalized others or how they are viewed. » Generalized others refer to the viewpoint of the social group. » Significant others refer to the people who have important relationships with the individual (family, parents, peers)

GAME STAGE (6-9)

» A Russian psychologist » Argues that social interaction comes before development. » Consciousness and Cognition are the end processes of socialization and social behavior. » Community plays a center role in the process of making meaning.

LEV VYGOTSKY

» Social learning takes place because in this stage, they INTERACT, connect and reach out to other people.

INTERPSYCHOLOGICAL

» After acquiring social learnings, the functions will appear a second time and, this time, more developed and thus, leading to cognitive development(self-reflection).

INTRAPSYCHOLOGICAL

ELEMENTARY MENTAL FUNCTIONS

Sensation Hunger Memory

» hot, cold, sweet, or bitter are delivered automatically to the brain by the senses.

SENSATION

» bodily processes. An infant doesn’t need to be told that he is hungry since hunger will manifest the fact.

HUNGER

» Young children commit things to memory in a natural manner.

MEMORY

» Anyone who has a better understanding considerably higher or superior level of ability, skill or knowledge about a particular subject, task or process, than the person who is attempting to learn.

THE MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)

» where the child will be given a lot of encouragement but just the right amount of guidance to allow the child to DEVELOP his skills.

THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

» scientific study of human concerned with human behavior, human biology and societies in both present and past including past human species.

ANTHROPOLOGY

» a person who studies human history

ARCHEOLOGISTS/ARCHAEOLOGISTS

» Our genetics determine our behavior. Our personality traits and abilities are in our nature. » genetic inheritance which sets the individual’s potentials

NATURE

» Our environment, upbringing, and life experiences determine our behavior. We are natured to behave in certain ways. » Variables of the environment: things you get from the world around you after you are born.

NURTURE.

» suggests that each person is defined as a replica of all humanity but capable of acting independently from others. » self-centered, autonomous, distinct, independent, adaptive, lacks ability to emphasize. » Americans or the Western Culture

EGOCENTRIC

» The self is viewed as dependent on the situation or social setting. » Oriented » Filipinos or the Eastern Culture

SOCIOCENTRIC

» refers to the “features of a person’s identity that he or she chooses to emphasize in constructing a social self.” » similarities and differences in characteristics among individuals, people construct their social identities.

IDENTITY TOOLBOX

» Ethnic group membership.

SOCIAL CODE

» may be attained by kinship, family membership, gender, age, language, religion, ethnicity, personal appearance, and socioeconomic status. Some characteristics such as kinship, gender, and age are almost universally used to differentiate people.

SELF IDENTIFICATION

» the most SIGNIFICANT FEATURE to determine the person’s social identity.

FAMILY MEMBERSHIP

» important identity determinant that is often viewed as essential for the maintenance of a group identity

LANGUAGE

» an important marker of group identity.

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS

» an important device to individualize a person and to have an identity.

NAME

» in this culture, the children must obtain at least 2 years old and ready to speak their language before a special ritual to be performed.

AYMARA INDIANS

» adds suffixes to the names » SEN (male), DOTTIR (female)

ICELANDERS

» Children inherit their Mother’s Family Name.

MINANGKABAU CULTURE

» Children are named after their deceased relatives

ARCTIC CANADA

» A common practice of Catholic parents is to name their children after saints, biblical names.

PHILIPPINES

» people detach from their former identity to another

SEPARATION PHASE

» a person transitions from one identity to another.

LIMINALITY PHASE

» the change in one’s status is officially incorporated

INCORPORATION PHASE

» A parameter used to measure and identify a certain group of people

CENSUS