Flashcards in UWorld-Mixed Deck from All Subjects Deck (56)
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1
anti-centromere antibodies are found in most patients with
CREST syndrome
2
what the classic triad of reactive arthritis and what HLA gene is it associated with
asymmetric aseptic arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis ("can't see can't pee can't bend my knee)
associated with HLA-B27 along with the other seronegative spondyloarthropathies
3
what kind of drug are nafcillin, methicillin and oxacillin and what general kind of infection/ pathogen do they usually treat
penicillinase-resistant penicillins;
they treat S. aureus (except MRSA) and are often used for skin, soft tissue and follicle infections
4
a child with intellectual disability and bilateral lens subluxation that dies of MI could have been treated with what
pyridoxine (vit B6) for homocysteinuria, most commonly caused by cystathione synthase deficiency, which is catalyzed by vitamin B6
5
what are two reasons that niacin can cause increase side effects when given to a patient on anti-hypertensive therapy
niacin potentiates anti-hypertensive drugs by causing vasodilation
niacin can cause hyperuricemia as can thiazides
6
winged scapula involves injury to what nerve
long thoracic nerve (innervation to serratus anterior)
7
what is the normal A-a gradient and what respiratory conditions involve a normal A-a gradient
10-15mmHg;
hypoventilation and high altitude have normal A-a gradient
8
ataxia, increased risk of sinopulmonary infections and telangiectasias are the classic triad for
ataxia telangiectasia
9
what effect does COPD have on cerebral vasculature
COPD causes rising pCO2 and hypercapnia causes cerebral vasodilation
10
what are entacapone and tolcapone, how do they work and what do they treat
COMT inhibitors;
they increase levodopa levels in the brain and are used to treat Parkinson's
11
what kind of UV do PABA esters absorb
what kind of UV do zinc oxide containing sunscreens absorb
PABA esters absorb UVB only;
zinc oxide containing sunscreens are broad-spectrum and absorb UVAI, UVAII and UVB
12
what kind of UV does avobenzone absorb
UVAI and UVAII
13
which DNA viruses are enveloped, which are naked
enveloped=herpes virus, hepadnavirus, and poxvirus
naked=picornavirus, adenovirus, papillomavirus, polyomavirus
14
which DNA viruses are circular
papillomavirus, polyomavirus are circular and hepadnavirus is partially circular
15
name two echinocandins and explain the mechanism of action
capsofungin and micafungin;
inhibit synthesis of beta-glucan, a component of fungal cell walls
16
a smoker comes down with an acute illness involving very high fever, confusion, diarrhea and headache;
gram-stain shows no bacteria; what is the causal pathogen and the disease
Legionella pneumophila causes Legionnaire's disease and often doesn't show up on gram-stain
17
what differentiates Tay Sachs (beta-hexosaminidase A deficiency) from Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelinase deficiency)
no hepatomegaly in Tay-Sachs
(note: cherry red spot on macula and progressive neurodegeneration seen in both)
18
bilateral accoustic neuromas are associated with what condition and what chromosome is affected
neurofibromatosis 2
NF2 gene on chromosome 22
19
streak ovaries (underdeveloped elongated ovaries) are a classic sign of what condition
Turner's syndrome
20
how do you calculate attributable risk percentage
ARP= (RR-1) / RR
21
where is ACE produced
mainly in the endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature
22
where is prostaglandin E1 produced and what does it do
prostaglandin E1 is a locally produced vasodilator produced by almost all tissues in the body
23
pigmented gallstones are an indication of what process
hemolytic anemia
24
which test models the relationship between a continuous dependent variable and continuous independent variable
linear regression
25
what statistical test compares the means of two groups of continuous variables
t-test
26
name three cardiac defects that produce a holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurg. and mitral regurg.
27
renal angiomyolipomas and ash-leaf patches are associated with what condition
tuberous sclerosis
28
which DNA polymerase has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
DNA polymerase I has both 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
29
how do benzodiazepines work;
which other psych drugs have a similar mechanism of action
allosterically binding GABAa receptor to increase Cl channel opening (causing hyperpolarization)
30
