WEEK 1 - STROKE pt 2

Question 1

how many fluid systems do we have in the brain?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what are the fluid systems in the brain

Answer 2

• vascular (blood)
  -extracellular space
  -CSF

Question 3

what is the role of the vascular system

Answer 3

transport oxygen and energy

Question 4

which blood vessels are we talking baout with the vascular system

Answer 4

ANT cerebral a
MID cerebral a
POST cerebral a
** note arteries AND veins

Question 5

which cerebral artery is most common for. astroke?

Answer 5

middle

Question 6

which cerebral artery supplies ,ajority of the lateral aspect of the brain

Answer 6

midd!e

Question 7

whta is in the extracellular space

Answer 7

collagen fibers
multiadhesive matrix proteins

Question 8

what IS the extracellular space

Answer 8

Microscopic space between brain cells (between neurons and glia)

Question 9

what is the role of extracellular psace

Answer 9

provide energy and oxygen

Question 10

true or false vascular system contains neurons

Answer 10

• false tahts extracellular

Question 11

are brain cells , neurons , and neurocells interchangeable

Answer 11

yes = they all mena the smae thing

Question 12

where is the CSF system

Answer 12

ventricles and subarachnoid space

Question 13

POP QUIZ FOR ANAT:
between what two meningeal layers is the subarachnoid space

Answer 13

below arachnoid and above pia
= real space

Question 14

what is the role of the csf system

Answer 14

regulation of neural cells’ environment and protection

Question 15

what are the 3 barriers to protect the braibn

Answer 15

1. meninges
2. blood brain barrier
3. CSF

Question 16

true or false these protections exist throughout the entire BODY

Answer 16

false, only the brain :)
i guess it can also be the spinal chord without the BBB

Question 17

what are the 3 layers to meninges

Answer 17

dura
arachnoid
pia

Question 18

the spider like membrane and hosues blood vessels (meningeal layer ) is …

Answer 18

arachnoid

Question 19

the me ningeal layer taht enveloppes teh brain is

Answer 19

pia

Question 20

the touch meningeal layer that hels absorb external shock is

Answer 20

dura

Question 21

where does csf flow

Answer 21

subarachnoid space

Question 22

true or false the meninges line the PNS

Answer 22

false , the cns braina nd spinal chord

Question 23

what is the BBB made of

Answer 23

tight network of capillaries and endothelial cells

Question 24

can lipids pass throught he BBB

Answer 24

yes, it prevents non lipids

Question 25

how do non lipid soluble molecules recah the brain ex: glucose

Answer 25

membrane transport mechanisms or ion channels

Question 26

what doe steh BBB protect

Answer 26

neurons from blood-borne neurotransmitters, toxic substances and antibiotics.

Question 27

antibiotics are improtant for some conditons... like meningitis how do we get it to the brain

Answer 27

find a wya to bind the antibiotics to glucose so that it can use the same cahnnels

Question 28

what produces CSF

Answer 28

choroid plexus

Question 29

where are choroid plexus located

Answer 29

in all ventricles

Question 30

true or false : csf contains blood cells , protein and is coloureless

Answer 30

false : first two are wrong but it is colourless

Question 31

what structures allow csf to reach the dural venous sinues

Answer 31

the arachnoid granulations

Question 32

as pts and ots what is one symptoms we have ot look out for when a patient underwent a meningyoma surgery?

Answer 32

leaky nose = lekaing csf

Question 33

the CSF in ventircles is very simolar to what other system

Answer 33

lymphatic

Question 34

what cells does glymphatic system have

Answer 34

glial cells

Question 35

what is teh role of glial cells in glymphatic system

Answer 35

remove brain waste during sleep especially

Question 36

why do glial cells remove the most brain waste during sleep?

Answer 36

lots more CSF production while asleep

Question 37

true or false parkinsons and alzeihemers patients have an elevated CSF flow and increased brain waste

Answer 37

false = reduced flow

Question 38

3 roles of CSF

Answer 38

- Maintains constant environment for cells of Central Nervous System - Removes brain metabolites/waste -Serves as a mechanical cushion

Question 39

what is an aneurism

Answer 39

Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery arterial pressure fills space and pressure damages brain areas

Question 40

name two types of stroke

Answer 40

ischemic hemmhoragic

Question 41

what are the two types of ischemic

Answer 41

thrombotic embolic

Question 42

name the stroke: blood clot occludes cerebral artery

Answer 42

thrombotic, ischemic

Question 43

name the stroke: Blood clo tbreaks off from somewhere in the body and travels to smaller cerebral arteries where it occludes blood flow to the brain.

Answer 43

embolic, ischemic

Question 44

true or false thrombotic and embolic are type sof hemmoragic strokes

Answer 44

false , ischemic

Question 45

which imaging can we use to diagnose a stroke

Answer 45

cT and mri

Question 46

a hemorrhagic stroke is:

Answer 46

Rupture of blood vessel within the brain

Question 47

how to treat ischemic stroke

Answer 47

TPA = bust the clot

Question 48

how to treat hemoragghci stroke

Answer 48

surgery

Question 49

the ischemic stroke is more intense tan hemmorahic stroke

Answer 49

false

Question 50

what is CVA

Answer 50

stroke

Question 51

absence of oxygen in the brain is ...

Answer 51

anoxia

Question 52

low or insufficient oxygen reaching the brain is ....

Answer 52

hypoxia

Question 53

true or false : hypoxia rapidly produces cell death neurons die within 5 min

Answer 53

false : ANOXIA doe sthat

Question 54

hypoxia may kill cells more ____

Answer 54

slowly

Question 55

Drowning,choking,cardiacarrest,headtraumaandcarbonmonoxidepoisoningcanallleadto

Answer 55

hypoxia

Question 56

name some fo the instance sthat can lead to hypoxia

Answer 56

drowning choking cardiac arrest head trauma CO poisening

Question 57

what are symtpms associated with hypoxia

Answer 57

inatentiveness poor judgement memory lsos decreas ein motor coordination

Question 58

apoptosis is also known as

Answer 58

programmed cell death

Question 59

apoptosis a a lack of ...

Answer 59

oxygen and glucose

Question 60

what happens when neurons dont get oxygen and glucose

Answer 60

dysregulation of ATP

Question 61

disregulation of ATP leads to

Answer 61

activation of caspase 3

Question 62

activation of caspase 3 leads to

Answer 62

APOPTOSIS = cell death

Question 63

secondary cell death is caused when

Answer 63

-brain damage - increased gliaal cell to remove waste decrease Growth hormone and increase growth inhibiting molecules -damage to almost all local neurons

Question 64

when neurons die what do they release

Answer 64

glutamate

Question 65

an increased amoutn of glutamate causes what

Answer 65

neighbouring neurons ot die

Question 66

when neighbouring neurons die due to increased glutamaate this is known as :

Answer 66

excitotoxicity

Question 67

Lost brain cells are replaced by glial cells , this is known as

Answer 67

glial scarring

Question 68

what is not good about glial scarring

Answer 68

- glial cells impede regrowth of neurons = take up space -glial cells release growth inhibiting molecules = impeded axon regrowth

Question 69

immune activation and inflammatiowhat can happen when damage or failure of BBb

Answer 69

invasion of immune cells

Question 70

why dont we want immune cells in the brain

Answer 70

causes inflammationa nd edema edema can lead to hypoxia

Question 71

what type of cells release inflammatory substances due to injury of the brain

Answer 71

monocytes and macrophages

Question 72

brocas area is in charge of...

Answer 72

speech

Question 73

middle cerebral artery sypplies hwich lobes

Answer 73

frontal parieral temporal on lateral aspect

Question 74

neural cell death can be caused by

Answer 74

damage to the brain