Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phgy 455 > WEEK 5- CP pt 2 > Flashcards

WEEK 5- CP pt 2 Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how long doe sthe embryonic period last

A

day 1 to gestational week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in the embryonic period what is cell division called

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true or false in the embryonic period the zygote goes trhoygh many cell dividions

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a zygote

A

a fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when the zygote undergoes cell divisions that it is made up of 16 cells what is it called

A

MORULA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

after many cell divisions when the xygot becomes a ball of cells what is it called

A

blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what day does the morula become the blastocyst

A

day 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

on day 6 the blastocyst has two mass cells what are tehy

A

inner mass cell embryoblast
outer mass cell trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

on day 7 what two layers does the trophoblast split into

A

synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is teh function of synctiotrophoblast

A

to help the blastocyst errode the epithelium of the uterus= to make it easier to enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

on day 8 embryoblast turns into the epiblast and hypoblast, together whta is this called

A

bilaminar germ disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

on day 9 the blastocyst enters where

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when the blastocyst enter the endometrium it has two cavities, what are they?

A

yolk sac
amniotic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the yolk sac faces what

A

the hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the amniotic cavity faces what

A

the epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By the second gestational week what do we have

A

Bilaminar germinal disc
amniotic cavity
yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what two layers make up the bilaminar germinal disc

A

epiblast
hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the epiblast

A

layer of columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the hypoblast

A

layer of cuboidal cells facing the yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in addiitnal to the bilaminar germinal disc what else do we have at the second week

A

amniotic cavity and yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the amniotic cavity

A

protection of embryo/fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the yolk sac

A

Early site of blood cell formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

true or false at the end of week 3, the he Blastocyst penetrates the superficial (Compact) layer of the endometrium of the uterus= complete implantation

A

false weel 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

week 3 is called what

A

gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what soecifically happens to the bilaminar germ disc as of week 3
it becomes the trilaminar germ disc
26
In the 3rd week (gastrulation) what cells undergo differentiation
inner mass cells (epiblast and hypoblast)
27
in gastrulation period, what happens to epiblast cells
they migrate into the midline
28
in gastrulation period, what do epiblast cells form onece theyve reached midline
PRIMITIVE STREAK
29
what is a primitive streak
streak that elongates caudal to cranial
30
in the gastrulation period what do some epiblast cells do after migrating to form the primitive streak
they enter the hypoblast
31
what happens when the epiblast cells enter the hypoblast?
they transform hypoblast into endoderm
32
what happens to the remaining epiblast cells that do not merge with hypoblast
they differentiate to become ECTODERM
33
the epiblast cells that are between hypoblast and epiblast form what layer
the mesoderm
34
true or false in gastrulation the notochord is made up of firstly the endoderm (inner layer)
flase its starts off as mesodermal tirssue
35
true or false, once the epiblast merges with hypoblast and becomes endoderm there is no more hypoblast layer
true
36
which two layers does the mesorderm remain
between the ofrmer layers of bilaminar disc
37
ectoderm is derived from
epiblast cells
38
in gastrulation what happens to each layer (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
they differentiate into different types of cells
39
the endoderm gives rise to whch cells
lung thyroid digestovce
40
true or false the endoderm is the oute rlayer
flase= innder
41
the mseoderm gives rise to which specific cells
cardia skeletal kidney rbc smooth muscle
42
the ectoderm gives rise to which specific cells
skin cells of epidemris neurons of brain pigment cells
43
true or false the mesoderm is the middle layer
true
44
true or false the ectoderm is the layer that forms our cns
true
45
the ectoderm is the ______ layer
outer
46
the notochord originates fromw hat structure
mesoderm
47
true or false the notocord is temporary stcuture
true
48
what are the functions of notochord
* Axis for symmetry * Sends inductive signals that causes cells in the ectoderm to become neuroectodermal precursor cells >- neural plate
49
The lateral edges of the _______ become more elevated and will form the neural crest
ectoderm
50
which layer forms the neural crest
ectoderm
51
the depressed. mid region is called
neurla groove
52
the neural groove is a
depressed mid region beteern the neural crests
53
once we have the neural crest and neural grrove what is this layer caleld
neural plate
54
norectodermal cells give rise to
neural plate
55
the neural tube is derived from what
the neural plate
56
the neural tube becomes what
the brain and spinal cord
57
neural crest cells give rise to
sensory and autonomic ganglia
58
Neuralstemcellsthat produce ....
precursor cells
59
thw two sides of neural crests meet eachother to form
neural tube
60
what are somite
comes from mesoderm important function that gives rise to vertebra
61
what does vertebra arise form
somite (mesoderm)
62
what is neurulation
formation of neural tube
63
when the neural tube closes the embryo forms ehat
the 3 primary vessicles
64
what are the 3 primary vessicles
procencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon
65
procencephalon gives rise to which brain
forebrain
66
the mesencephaloln gives rise to which brain
midbrain
67
the rhobencephalon gives rise to which brain
hindbrain
68
true or false the mesensephalon subdivides
false
69
the prosencephalon divides into
telencephalon diencephalon
70
the rhombemncephalon divides into
metencephalon myencephalon
71
telencephalon forms
cerbreal hemisphere
72
diencephalon forms
hypothalamus and thalamus
73
mesencephalon forms
midbrain
74
metencephalon forms
pons and cerebellum
75
myencephallon forms
medulla
76
77
is caudal closer to the head or feet
feet
78
cranial points in the direction of...
the head
79
true or false the synctioblast is on the outermost layer
true
80
fetal period is from what week to ...
9 - delivery
81
what important stuff happen in the 9th week
neuron production migration and differentiation formation of gyri and sulci !!!
82
true or false the brain wrinkles caudal to rostral
false
83
true or false the brain wrinkles rostral to caudal
true
84
true or false the brain stays teh same size throughout the entire fetal period
false, increases in size
85
what weel is formation of gyri and su;lci completed
week 37
86
around what day are the vessicles differentitaed
day 49
87
what happens from the end of gastrulation to day 42
Increase number of neural progenitor cells (mitotic) (symmetrical).
88
what happens after day 42
process becomes asymmetrical, meaning that the progenitor cells divide into one neural progenitor and one neuron.
89
true or false Most neurons are produced in the ventricular zone and migrate outwards.
true
90
gastrulation is between what days
14-21
91
neurulation is when (in weeks)
between week 3 and 4
92
what are the two types of neural tube migration
radial migration tangental migration
93
in which direction doe sthe neural tube move in radial migration
out
94
in which direction doe sthe neural tube move in tangential migration
up
95
what are the two METHODS of migration
Somal translocation: glial mediated migartionn
96
what is somal tarsnlocation and which kinds of migration do we see
the cell bodies move up and out to reach to target nad destination
97
what glial mediated migration and which kinds of migration do we see
cell moves along a radial glial network moved OUT = deepest layer to surface
98
what two layers dissapear at the end of the fetal period
Themarginalzoneand subplate
99
in the mature barin how many cortical layers do we have
6
100
neurons develop what
axons and dendrites
101
in the cns axons are myelanted with what glial cell
oligodendrocytes
102
true or false post natally we still have alot of neurogeneis
false, a bit but not alot
103
when does neuron production occur
afyer day 40
104
NAME THE PHASES WEVE LEARNT AND THEIR TIMELINE
day 0 fertilization day - 5morula becomes blastocyst day 9 blastocyst implants itself in uterine wall in second week (days 8-14) : we have the epiblast, hypoblast, --> we have bilaminar disc aniotic cavity and yolk sac in 3rd week (14-21) is where gastrulation occurs (where epiblast and hypoblast differentiate in layers and becomes trilaminar disk) from end pf gastrulation to day 42 = neurons develp in symmetrical way neurulation ahppens from week 3-4 (day 21- 28) --> where neural tube is formed induced by notochord after day 42 (week 6) neurons start to divide in more assymetric manner embryonic period ends at week 8 week 9- fetal period sulci and gyri start forming and finish at week 37

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions