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Phgy 455 > WEEK 4- Fibro pt 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 4- Fibro pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is sensation

A

transduce, encode and perceive information generated by stimuli arising from both external and internal environments

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2
Q

true or false sensation can be perceived from internal or external environemtnts

A

true

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3
Q

true or false sensation is only restricted to somatic sensory system

A

false , can be visual, auditory, vestibular, and chemical systems

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4
Q

true or false a small area of the brain is devoted to somatosensory

A

false, mcuh of the brain is involved

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5
Q

true or false somatic sensory system is the most diverse sensory system

A

true

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6
Q

somatosensery information can come from what 3 things

A

skin
muscles
joints

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7
Q

somatic sensory system can be divide din 3 components

A

n Muscles, tendons & joints receptors

n Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

n Pain, temperature and coarse touch

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8
Q

what do Muscles, tendons & joints receptors sense

A

limb position / proprioception

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9
Q

what do cutaneous mechanoreceptord sense

A

touch pressure vibration

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10
Q

what do nociceptros and thermoreceptors sense

A

paina nd tempertaure

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11
Q

what receptors sense proprioception

A

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organ

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12
Q

what receptors sense touch

A

type 1 cutaneous,
type 2 cutaneous
tactile/touch receptor
lamellar corpuscle

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13
Q

true or false the diameter of touch neurons are much larger than for proprioception

A

false
a alpha is much larger than a beta

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14
Q

true or false proprioceptor axons conduct info much faster

A

true

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15
Q

somatic sensation comes form

A

specialized neurons

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16
Q

somatosensweory (senseory neurons) cell body is lctaed in

A

DRG

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17
Q

Afferent nerve fibers whose peripheral processes ramify within the….

A

skin or the muscle fibers

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18
Q

true or false
Action potentials generated in afferent fibres by an event occurring at the skin or muscle propagate along the fibre, past the cell body, and reach fibre synaptic terminals in the CNS.

A

true

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19
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway are in charge of what sensations

A

fine tocuh
conscious prop
vibration

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20
Q

anterolateral system is incharge of what sensation

A

pain
tenp
crude touch
pressure

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21
Q

Sensory information is conveyed in….

A

multiple parallel pathways

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22
Q

true or false Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and hair follicles also contribute to proprioception, in addition to touch

A

true

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23
Q

what other receors contribute to propriocept in addition to touch

A

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and hair follicles

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24
Q

where does DCML decussate

A

medulla = brainstem

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25
where does anterolateal decussate
in the spinal cord = AWC
26
what kind of fibers are we working with for DCML
a aplha a beta
27
what kind of fibers are we working with for anterolateral systenm
adelta c
28
name all the cutaneous receptos
type 1 curanepus type 2 cutaneous free nerve ending hair follicle receptor touch tactile lamellar corpusc;e
29
type 1 cutaneous is in charge of
light otuch and vibration
30
type 2 cutaneous in in charge of
stretch and sustained prssure
31
lamellar corpuscle is in charge of
high freq vib sudden change in pressure
32
hair follicle recep is in charge of
air on skin moving air
33
tactile touch corpuscle is responsible for
light and low freq vib
34
free nerve ending is resposnible for
paina nd temp
35
expkain Transduction mechanisms of a mechanosensory afferent
Membrane of the afferent nerve is sensitive to stretching Stretching leads to cation channels opening Depolarization causes generator potential in the fibers If the cell is sufficiently depolarized, an action potential is generated
36
what area is lamina 3-4-5
nucleus proprius
37
where does synapse between 1 neuron and 2nd neuron happen
lamina 3-4 nucleus proridu = where the collaterals are located
38
what kind of info does fasciculus garcilis hace
Fasciculus gracilis carries signals from lower limbs (below t6)
39
where does info passing in fasciculus gracilis synapse
synapse in the nucleus gracilis
40
what kind of info does fasciculus cuneatus hace
upper limbs (t6 and above)
41
where does info form fascilculus cuneatus synapse
nucleus cuneatus
42
the dorsal column tract is called the medial lemniscus when ...
the 2nd order neuron decussates
43
where do 2 and 3 neurons synapse in the DCML
thalamus (vpln)
44
where do Axons from the thalamus travel to reach the cortex
via the internal capsule then join the corona radiata
45
what is a receptor field?
the receptor area which when stimulated results in a response of a particular sensory neuron (for example the area that free nerve ending is resposbile for)
46
can you ahve small and large receptive fields
yes
47
if somethign tirggers the receptive field, the neruron in charghe of that field will send info to....
the brain
48
small receptive field carry
more precise info
49
large receptive field carry
more broad info
50
organs for example have large receptive fields this is why ... (not from notes a youtibe video to help explain)
we cant pinpoint the location of pain but we say my stoamch hurts
51
touch in the center of the receptive filed ...
increases firing
52
touch in the surround area of receptive field ....
decreases cell firing
53
touch outside teh recteptive field /....
has no effect
54
what is two pint discrimination thresholf
minimum interstimulus distance required to perceive 2 simultaneous applied stimuli as distinct SHORTEST DISTANCE THAT WE CAN PERCEIVE TWO POINT
55
the back has highe ror lower two point threshold tahn palm
higher threshold higher distance required to tell that there are two points
56
on my lips for example do we have a high or low two point discrimation threshhold
low dont need a large distance to tell that there are two point
57
true or false LARGE receptor fields means LARGE two point discrimination theshold
true
58
true or false : size of teh receptive field can predict Two-point discrimination threshold
true
59
receptive fields are ______ in high acuity regions
small
60
an example of a higha cuity region is
lips
61
an example of low acuity region is
back
62
receptive fields are ______ in low acuity regions
large
63
true or false youll be able to feel more in smaller receptive fields
true
64
True or false OTS and PTS use calippers to perform two point discrimination test
true
65
true or false fingers and lips are not good at discriminating short distance between two points
false very good
66
which type of cutaneous receptor is best at reading braille
merkel cell/ type 1 cutaneous
67
the merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous is located in ...
epidermis
68
dp merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous have small or large receptor fields
small
69
are merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous slow or fast adapting
slow
70
what does slow adapting receptor mean ? (from youtube)
receptor keeps responding to a present stimulus = keeps firing action potential good for detecting size and shape of objects
71
what do fast adapting receptors do?
activated when the stimulus is there but falls silent if its stays = good for movement detection
72
the merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous is highly sensitive to what
points edges curvature
73
are meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch rapidly or slow adapting
rapid adapting
74
do meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch have small or large receptor fileds
small
75
what are meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch sensitive to
low frequency vibration
76
are rufinin/ type 2 rapidly or slow adapting
slow
77
do rufinin/ type 2 have small or large receptor fields
large
78
where are rufinin/ type 2 located
dermis
79
what are rufinin/ type 2 sensitive ot
sensitive to cutaneou stretching during movements hand shaping
80
do panician/ lamelalr have small or large receptor fileds
large (whole finger /hand)
81
are panician/ lamelalr fast or slow adapting
fast
82
what are panician/ lamelalr sensitive to
Highly sensitive to high frequency vibrations (250-350 Hz). Use of tools.
83
which is the deepest receptor of all cutaneous
lamellar
84
what is proprioception
Mechanical forces arising from within the body
85
what info does proprioception have
Provide detailed and continuous information about the position of the limb and other parts in space
86
name some proprioceptors
spindles golgi tendons joint receptors vestibular system (head)
87
what are the two types of muscle spindle proprioceptors
1a afferents 2 afferents
88
name some characteristsics of 1a afferents
Rapidly adapting cells Activated by muscle stretching Convey information about the velocity and direction of movements
89
name some characteristsics about 2 afferents
Slowly adapting cells Sustained response about muscle length Convey information about the static position of limbs
90
muscles spindles sense
CHANGES IN LENGTH
91
golgi tendon organs sesne
TENSION
92
name a type of golgi tedon organ
1b afferents
93
name some characteristsics of 1b afferents
-Low-threshold receptor -Branches spreading inside the collagen forming the tendons -Convey information about muscle tension (compression)
94
what pathway does proprioception follow (think non conscious type)--> NUCLEI DORSALES
upper limbs cuneocerebellar lower limbs dorsal spino
95
is clarkes nucleus teh same as nucleus dorsale and if yes which lamina
yes, lamina 7
96
what do spinocerebeallr tracts do
Regulation of the timing of muscle contractions necessary for the performance of voluntary movement
97
which spinal levels are clarkes nuclei found
c8-l2 anatomy t1-l2 phgy
98
true or fasle both cuenocerebellar and dorsal spino tract have tehir synapse in the spinal cord
false, cuneatus one synapses in accessory nucleus cuneatus in medulla
99
VPLN in thalamus is for what info
body
100
VPMN in thalamus is for what info
face
101
true or false, info in the somatosensory cortex is kept segragraded
true (homonculus)
102
true or false, the specific somatosensory organization in the cortex is called teh somatotopic organization
true
103
true or false Each area contains a separate & complete representation of the body
true
104
true or false on the homonculus represent teh density of neurons in these areas (ex: large lips = lots of neurons)
TRUE
105
in the somatosensory cortext generally tell me what the somatotopic organization is
medial = lower limbs then trunk then upper limbs then face most latersl
106
are different types of receptors segragated in the somatotopic areas
yes
107
3a area tell you info about what in the cortex
Proprioception Muscle Spindles Activated during movements
108
3b and 1 area tell you info about what in the cortex
cutaneous pressure and vibartion
109
area 2 tell you info about what in the cortex
area both modalities
110
where does most of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)
3b
111
where does moderate amount of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)
3a
112
where does the elast amount of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)
1 and 2
113
Lesion in 3b
= deficits in all forms of tactile sensation from mechanoreceptors
114
Lesion in 1 or 2
partial deficits Inability to use tactile information to discriminate texture of an objet (area 1) or the size and shape of objects (area 2)
115
which barin areas are in charge of learning and memory
amygdala and hippocampus
116
whoch brain areas are incolved in Proprioception – current state of muscles contraction gain access to circuits that initiate mvst
motor and pre motor cortical areas

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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