WEEK 10- BRAIN PLASTICITY

Question 1

how did the our first undertsanding of brain functions come about

Answer 1

accidental daamge

Question 2

what did phineas gage injury show

Answer 2

It gave the first modern evidence that different brain parts perform different functions.

different areas of the brain have different functions

Question 3

with the development of the microspoe what coulkd we do?

Answer 3

classify the brain into different regions base don their architecture (cellular layers that make up the brain)

Question 4

true or false each area of the brain has a different pattern of nerve cells (cell types and thickness of layers) but same areas in different people have the same patterns

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

what wa sthe conclusion of microspoe and broadmans areas

Answer 5

Conclusion: Structure must have a relation to function

Question 6

how many broadmans areas are there

Answer 6

52

Question 7

the neocortex is defined by how many layers

Answer 7

6

Question 8

there are 6 layers in the _____

Answer 8

neocortex

Question 9

layer 1 in the neocortex is

Answer 9

neuropil

Question 10

layer 2 in the neocortex is

Answer 10

small pyramidal neurons

Question 11

layer 3 in the neocortex is

Answer 11

small pyramidal neurons

Question 12

layer 4 in the neocortex is

Answer 12

stellate neurons

Question 13

layer 5 in the neocortex is

Answer 13

larger pyramidal neurons

Question 14

layer 6 in the neocortex is

Answer 14

some pyramidal neurons

Question 15

which layer is closest to our skull

Answer 15

layer 1

Question 16

which layer is deepest (cortical lamination)

Answer 16

layer 6

Question 17

layer 4 received lots of input from what

Answer 17

thalamus

Question 18

,ost of teh cortical layers receive input from

Answer 18

brainstem and other cortical areas

Question 19

which layers have corticocortical output

Answer 19

1, 2

Question 20

which layer projects to another hemisphere

Answer 20

layer 3

Question 21

which layers projects out of the cortex

Answer 21

5,6

Question 22

which part of our being is complex highe rbrian funcitons

Answer 22

emotions
awareness
language
memory
sleep /wakefullness

Question 23

true or false a simple behaviour is mediated by 1 area of teh brain

Answer 23

false
many parts of tehbrain

Question 24

in addition to primary cortices what else do we have

Answer 24

association cortices

Question 25

true or false we have ore primary areas than association areas

Answer 25

false opposite

Question 26

true or false association areas integrate information from other regions.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

are hippocampus , thlamus and brainstem part of primary cortex or association

Answer 27

primary

Question 28

name 2 primary cortex areas

Answer 28

visual somatosensory

Question 29

Parietal association cortex mediates:

Answer 29

attention (from anat visual and somatosensory.....)

Question 30

Temporal association cortex.....

Answer 30

Involvedinthe identification of stimuli

Question 31

frontal association cortex is involved in

Answer 31

planning decision making

Question 32

how would you explain cognition

Answer 32

integrated abilities from frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 33

true or false primary areas send info to association areas

Answer 33

true

Question 34

true or false association areas also send out info to primary areas

Answer 34

true

Question 35

do left and right hemispheres talk to eachother

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what do the association areas make sense of

Answer 36

info coming from primary areas thalamus brainstem cortex

Question 37

parietal lobe is specifically involved in

Answer 37

ATTENTION

Question 38

which primary cortice is in the parietal lobe and which other primary info can also be found in parietal lobe

Answer 38

somatosensory also audiotry info and visual

Question 39

what is stereognosis (thought it was stereogenesis...)

Answer 39

ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual information/keys, comb, safety pins

Question 40

which association area allows us to have steregnosis

Answer 40

parietal

Question 41

true or false someone with a parietal lobe lesion soemone wont be able to identify objects without vidual input

Answer 41

true

Question 42

parietal cortex allows for:

Answer 42

stereogmosis visuomotor transformation (hemineglect) where youa re in space attentiveness !! = even thought you see somethin on the left your brain is not able to undertsand it

Question 43

parietal association coretx receives input from

Answer 43

primary somatosensory cortex visual auditory AND HIPPOCAMPUS

Question 44

right parietal lobe lesion

Answer 44

Right Lesion = personal neglect syndrome (Apraxia) § such patients may not dress, undress, or wash the left affected side

Question 45

true or false the right hemisphere (parietal region) has bilateral attention yet the left side only has right side projections

Answer 45

true

Question 46

what would happen if we had a right parietal association cortex lesion (attention)

Answer 46

severe left neglect

Question 47

what would happen if we had a left parietal association cortex lesion (attention)

Answer 47

minimal rigth neglect = gtting info from right sidfe also

Question 48

what is body image

Answer 48

sensation of our body configuration or posture

Question 49

what defecits would you see in a parietal lobe lesion in terms of recognitiona nd body image

Answer 49

inability to point to a named body part =Asomatognosia

Question 50

what is Asomatognosia

Answer 50

lack of awareness or ownership of one’s arm

Question 51

primarily on the left... what are defecits we could see in th eparietal association cortex (internally generated movement)

Answer 51

apraxia ideomotor apraxia

Question 52

what is apraxia

Answer 52

inability to execute or carry out skilled mvt and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them

Question 53

what is Ideomotor Apraxia

Answer 53

inability to imitate an action or gesture on command n making sawing movements, waving

Question 54

temporal lobe is hioghly known for

Answer 54

RECOGNITION ... and audiotry functions

Question 55

which language area is in the temporal love

Answer 55

wenickes

Question 56

wernickes area is an example of recognizing

Answer 56

language

Question 57

temporal lobe also has connections to

Answer 57

olfaction and memory

Question 58

temporal lobe lesions affcet recognison what is the name for this

Answer 58

agnosia = is the inability to process sensory information = defecit in the acknoledge of the presence of stimulus

Question 59

true or false temporal lobe lesion causes oss of the ability to recognize objects, shapes, sounds, or smells while the specific sense is not defective

Answer 59

true

Question 60

stroke in the temporal lobe for example can cause loss of which type of recognition

Answer 60

facial recognition

Question 61

loss of facial recognition is called

Answer 61

prosopganosia

Question 62

which area of the temporal lobe is specific for recognizing face

Answer 62

inferior temporal lobe

Question 63

true or false, someone with inferior temporal lobe lesion cannot recognize faces but can recognize voicves

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

removing part of the brain in temporal lobe = abit of hippocampus has caused what for patient HM

Answer 64

he had anterograde amnesia = remebers everything before surgery but nothing after

Question 65

the frontal lobe consists of ______ of the cerebrum

Answer 65

1/3 rd

Question 66

the frontal lobe can be divide din how many parts

Answer 66

3

Question 67

what are the 3 parts of the frontal lobe

Answer 67

motor cortex premotor area prefrontal cortex

Question 68

lesion to brocas area

Answer 68

no longer able to produce speech

Question 69

true or false we have sensory and motor homonculus

Answer 69

true

Question 70

left MCA lesion can cause what defecit (think speech)

Answer 70

brocas aphasia

Question 71

brocas aphasia caused by which lesion

Answer 71

LEFT MCA

Question 72

lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in" switching/ perseverance" explain

Answer 72

cannot inhibit the initial motor plan

Question 73

lesion to frontal association areas

Answer 73

difficulty in carrying out complex behaviors that are appropriate to the circumstances

Question 74

frontal association areas has information from which parts of teh brain

Answer 74

motor, sensory, temporal, parietal

Question 75

lesion to prefrontal cortex

Answer 75

A lack of social inhibition. n A person can be easily irritable, blunt, impolite and often vulgar. n Inability to plan or complete a task of several steps (e.g. shopping or cooking a meal). n Dramatic personality changes (e.g. flattening of affect, rapid mood swings, irresponsible and unable to predict consequences of actions).

Question 76

explain the monkey example.... which association cortex is this

Answer 76

frontal theres a amomeory aspect to this

Question 77

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

Answer 77

Primary Visual Functions Visual Perception Recognition of colors Recognition of form

Question 78

true or false Some functions are performed by one hemisphere and not by the other

Answer 78

true

Question 79

1) Language and speech are limited to the ____hemisphere (Broca’s & Wernike’s areas).

Answer 79

left

Question 80

2) The ability to organize and use visuo-spatial information is better in the _____hemisphere.

Answer 80

right

Question 81

3) The _____ hemisphere is better than the ______ for face recognition.

Answer 81

righ left

Question 82

which hemisphere is for small details

Answer 82

left

Question 83

which hemisphere is for larger overall images

Answer 83

right

Question 84

true ir false Left-handed individuals usually have speech on the opposite side (right) from right-handed individuals (left)

Answer 84

true

Question 85

if your left handed where is usually your langauge hemisphere

Answer 85

right