WEEK 9- Cranial nerves, brainstem

Question 1

Cranial nerveshave both _____ and ______ components

Answer 1

motor + sesnory

Question 2

all but 3 CN emerge fromt he brainstem… which

Answer 2

1,2, 11

Question 3

snesory only CN ?

Answer 3

1, 2, 8

Question 4

motor only cn ?

Answer 4

3,4,6,11,12

Question 5

mixed cn?

Answer 5

5,7,9,10

Question 6

Which divisionof teh autonomic nervous system do cranial nerve play in

Answer 6

PARA

Question 7

true or false parasymp NS has both cranial and sacral dicions

Answer 7

true

Question 8

where are cranial nerve nuclei located

Answer 8

brainstem (mostly)

Question 9

true or false CN 3-12 all have their nuclei in the brainstem

Answer 9

false, 11 = in anterior horns of c1-c6

Question 10

type of modality closest to the midline is

Answer 10

somatic motor

Question 11

the two modalities on either side of the sulcus limitants in the brainstem are

Answer 11

visceral motor
visceral sensory

Question 12

paralysis of facial expression muscles is which cranial berve lesion

Answer 12

cranial nerve 7
facial

Question 13

true or false cranial nerve lesions will present with different symptoms depending on where and at what level the lesion is

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what are the 3 main functions of teh brainstem

Answer 14

1. conduit between brain and spinal cord
2. source of cranial nerves
3. consciousness !!1

Question 15

what are the 3 partitons of teh brainstem

Answer 15

midbrain pons medulla

Question 16

true or false the medulla is the lowest part of the brainstema nd merges into the spinal cord

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what does themedulla regualte>? ( 4 things)

Answer 17

heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, temperature (stroke is devastating)

Question 18

which reflexes are part of the brainstem

Answer 18

vomiting
sneezing
digestion
balance

Question 19

which crossing fibers are part of the medulla

Answer 19

pyramidal decussation
internal arcuate fibers (medial lem)

Question 20

pathways of medial lem and spinal lem (we know this )

Answer 20

.

Question 21

which nuclei are present in the CAUDAL MEDULLA

Answer 21

nucleus gracilis an dnucelus cuneatus

Question 22

what are the medullary oyramids for

Answer 22

desceninding corticospinal trcats

Question 23

what is the inferior olive

Answer 23

fine motor behavious

major source of input to the cerebellum / Coordinate signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to11 regulate motor coordination and learning

Question 24

what is the pons

Answer 24

Mass of decussating fibers that cross the midline

Question 25

what are pontine nucleu for

Answer 25

* Involved in motor activity (relay info from M1 to the cerebellum)

Question 26

what are cerebellar peduncle for

Answer 26

Contains the tracts between the brain and cerebellum

Question 27

mesopontine cholinergic system is?

Answer 27

arousal, attention, learning, reward, voluntary mvt, locomotion

Question 28

where is LOCUS COERULUS located>

Answer 28

pons

Question 29

what is NE for

Answer 29

arousal, emotions, mood, autonomic system

Question 30

what is pedunculopontine nucleus

Answer 30

acetylcholine projecting cells

Question 31

where do pedunculopontine nucleus have projections

Answer 31

ascending projections to inferior frontal cortex/ intralaminar nucleus

Question 32

where do pedunculopontine nucleus receive input from

Answer 32

basal ganglia

Question 33

where do pedunculopontine nucleus project to

Answer 33

brainstem and motor nuclei

Question 34

what is ACH involved in

Answer 34

arousal, attention, learning, reward, and voluntary limb movements and locomotion, REM sleep

Question 35

which two colliculi are part of the midbrain

Answer 35

superior inferioir

Question 36

what is the superior coll involved in

Answer 36

involved in vision involved in multisensory integration involved in neck & ocular movements

Question 37

Inferior Colliculus is involved in....

Answer 37

involved in auditory system

Question 38

midbrain contains which srtuctures

Answer 38

substansia nigra red nucl cerebral ped

Question 39

sustansia nigra role?

Answer 39

dopamine - basal ganglia

Question 40

true or fa;se damage to sub nigra can lead to parkinsons

Answer 40

true

Question 41

what is red nucleus for

Answer 41

rubrospinal tract = flexors for uppe rlimbs mostly

Question 42

role of cerebral peduncles

Answer 42

Massive projections from the cerebral cortex to brainstem and spinal cord targets

Question 43

which cn nerve nucleus is located in the rostral mid

Answer 43

occulomotor accessory occ

Question 44

what is the reticular formation

Answer 44

Numerous clusters of neurons scattered among axon bundles anat : diffuse networls of nuceli

Question 45

name some functions of the reticular formation

Answer 45

Sleep & wakefulness regulation, mood (serotonin) Cardiovascular & respiratory digestive controls Reticulospinal tract (Limb & truck mvts)

Question 46

true or false the reticular formation relays eye and ear signa,s to the cerebellum

Answer 46

true

Question 47

wher eis teh RF located in the brainstem (3 distinct areas)

Answer 47

midbrain lower pons middle medulla

Question 48

wheres does the vestibular nucleus span

Answer 48

rostral medulla to caudal pons

Question 49

the medial part of the ventral horn is for

Answer 49

axial and proxmial muscles

Question 50

what is the vestibuolospinal tract for

Answer 50

rapid posture instability

Question 51

what is teh reticulospinal trcat for

Answer 51

postural adjustment during ongoingmovements

Question 52

lateral and intermediate parts of the ventral horn are for:

Answer 52

distal muscles

Question 53

what is the rubrospinal trcat for

Answer 53

Role in humans is unclear, few neurons in comparison to non- human primates and other mammals ANAT: FLEXOR POSTURING

Question 54

deceberate posturing ?

Answer 54

extended position in coma extensors predominate = vestibulospinal tract

Question 55

decorticate posturing?

Answer 55

flexor muscles predominate