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Phgy 455 > WEEK 5 - CP pt 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 5 - CP pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is visceral nervous sytem visceral nervous sytem voluntary or involuntary

A

inv

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2
Q

what is the VNS (ANS) mediated by

A

activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle fibers & glands

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3
Q

true or false we dont need a continuous regulation ANS

A

false its important for the physiological balance of body functions = homeostasis

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4
Q

what are teh 3 components of ans

A
  1. sympathetic NS
  2. PARASYMPT
  3. ENTERIC NS
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5
Q

what is sympathetic ns

A

fight or flight
Mobilizes resources for challenges

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6
Q

what is parasympathetic ns

A

rest and digest
most active in quiet periods

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7
Q

what is enteric ns

A

Control of vegetative processes (digestion etc.)

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8
Q

satnding up and BP drops alot is a symptoms of which system not continously regulated

A

ANS

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9
Q

what happens if if the barrier of the intestine is affected

A

it can lead to viral leakage in the system and cause different pathologies

disregulation of ANS

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10
Q

true or false, in the ans the output is sent out in local circuits from the spinal cord

A

false, Output is determined by a combination of higher cerebral influences and sensory inputs

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11
Q

which areas of the brain are considered the “higher cerebral influences”

A

cerebral cortex
amygdala
hyppocampus

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12
Q

which part of your brain receives info from sensory inputs

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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13
Q

which brain regions does hypothal;amus send info to regarding ANS

A

cerebral cortex
amygdala
hyppocampus

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14
Q

what is the importance of hypothalamus

A

compares input to biological setpoints and sets out responses to maintain homeostatis
(visceral motor, somatic motor, gneuroendocrine ect

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15
Q

the hypothalamus….

A

Maintains homeostasis as well as the control of basic biological functions related to maintenance of the organism

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16
Q

what kind of complex functions is hypothlamus

A

§ Blood flow
§ Energy metabolism
§ Reproductive activity
§ Heart rate, blood pressure temperature, hunger,
§ important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms
§ Coordination of sympathetic & parasympathetic responses

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17
Q

true or false, contectual information projecting to the hypothalamus can help you recognize that situations can be thretening for example

A

true
aids in memory and learning

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18
Q

true or false hypothalmaus receives info only from sensory inputs and makes a decisionn

A

false , also from higher brain powers

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19
Q

true or false hypothalamus is made up of different nuclei

A

true

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20
Q

true or false, hypothalamus makes hormone sthat eitehr excite or inhibit pituitary hormones

A

true

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21
Q

what specific neuron does the hypothalamus control

A

preganglionic in the brainstem and spinal cord

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22
Q

preganglionic neurons synapse with what and where

A

primary motor neurons in autonomic ganglia

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23
Q

to what does primary motor neurons send info to

A

end organs
smooth msucle, cardia mucsle and glands

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24
Q

spinal visceral neurons sends info to nucleus of the solitary track true or false

A

true

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25
nucleus of solitary tract receive info from
spinal visceral sensory neurons, cranial nerves 9 and 10
26
where are preganglionic cells located in the spinal cord
lateral horns (primarily in thoracic can also be found in sacral)
27
what does the lateral horn contain
cell body of the preganglionic visceral neurons
28
what lamina contains preganglionic cells
lamina 7 intermediate grey
29
autonomic motor neurons are also referred to as
post ganglionic neurons
30
where are post ganglionic neurons located
outside the spinal cord in cell groups called the autonomic ganglia
31
true or false post ganglionic neurons are located in th espinal cord
false PRE
32
true or false post ganglionic neurons are activated by preganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia
TRUE
33
What is the main difference between somatic MOTOR system and Autonomic MOTOR system
somatic: 1 motor neuron going to muscle autonomic : 2 motor neurons (1 preganglionic and 1 post ganglionic
34
are post ganglionic cell for sympathetic division located close or far from spinal cord
close
35
where do preganglionic neurons synapse for sympathetic divison
1. paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain) 2. pre vertebral ganglion
36
are post ganglionic cell for parasympathetic division located close or far from spinal cord
far (closer to target oragns)
37
for somatic system what neurotransmitter is released at teh neuromsucular junction
ach
38
FOR SYMPATHETIC : where is the exact location of prefanglionic neuron
Cell body in lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (T1-L3
39
FOR SYMPATHETIC : where is the exact location of postfanglionic neuron
Cell body is in the sympathetic chain (1) or sympathetic ganglion near the target organ (2)
40
in sympathetic division preganglionic release what neurotransmitter
ach
41
in sympathetic division postganglionic release what neurotransmitter
nor ep
42
what are some key factpors of sympathetic NS
n Pupils dilate and eyelids retract n Blood vessels of the skin and gut constrict n Piloerection & Bronchodilation n Heart rate & contractile force increase n Quiescent digestive and other vegetative functions n The adrenal medulla is activated to release epinephrine and noradrenaline in the bloodstream n Pancreas releases glucagon
43
FOR PARASYMPATHETIC : where is the exact location of pregangfanglionic neuron
brainstem and lateral horn of scarl spinal cord (s1-s5)
44
FOR PARASYMPATHETIC : where is the exact location of postgangfanglionic neuron
in parasympathetic ganglia near target organ
45
in parasympathetic division postganglionic release what neurotransmitter
ach
46
in parasympathetic division preganglionganglionic release what neurotransmitter
ach
47
true or false post ganglion neuron cell bodies are located close to target orangs in parasympathetic system
true
48
name some fucntions of parasympatheitc system
Opposite of the sympathetic system: n Constricts pupils n Slows heart rate n Increases peristalsis of the gut n Promote voiding of the urine from the bladder
49
true or false Many organs have dual innervation by Parasympathetic and Sympathetic axons
true
50
true or false n Sweat glands n Adrenal medulla n Piloerector muscles of the skin n Most arterial blood vessels all part of para and symathetic divisons
false just sympathetic
51
where does the eneteric nervous system reside
gastrointestinal tract
52
where are cell bodies and axons of enteric neurons fouind
cell bodies and their axons are found within the gut
53
true or false enteric neurons are extreinsic
false intrinsic
54
what is the submucous plexus
§Provides chemical monitoring and glandular secretion §Local circuit neurons that integrate this information
55
what is myenteric plexus
§controls intrinsic musculature of the gut peristalsis
56
true or flase both submucosal and myenteric plexus: §Works in a coordinated manner when disconnected from CNS and VNS
true = which is why if we have a spinal cord injury digestive processes are still working
57
true. orfalse there are LOTS of nerves in the gut
true
58
does the enteric nervous system get input form para or synmpa
BOTH
59
post ganglionic neruon in symapthetic secretes what on target for enteric ns
NE
60
post ganglionic neruon in paraymapthetic secretes what on target for enteric ns
ach
61
post ganglionic neurons for enteric ns arrises form where
brainstem
62
what two ways do we have sensory control of the ANS
1. Feed-back to local reflexes 2. informs higher integrative centers of more complex patterns of stimulation
63
what are some receptors in sensory control of ANS
s n Nerve endings sensitive to pressure or stretch n Wall of the hearth, bladder, GI tract n Specialized chemoreceptors n Oxygen-sensitive cells in the carotid bodies n Acidity n Toxic substances n Nociceptors n Damaging stretch, ischemia, irritating chemicals
64
where do first order sensory neurons synapse with second order for ANS
dorsal horn
65
true or false General sensory afferents from thoracic and upper abdomen organs + neck and head viscera - enter brainstem directly via nucleus of the solitary track
true
66
where do second order neurons of ANS system synapse
reticular formation, forebrain and visceral motor nuclei
67
what does human microbiota inclide
bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses
68
what is the Microbiome-gut-brain axis
bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, including the gut flora
69
can the microbiome gut brain axis Link emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions
yes
70
which conditions do disturbance sin Microbiome-gut-brain axis lead to
autism, anxiety-depressive behaviours, irritable bowel syndrome, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
71
name some conditions associated with VNS dysfunction
n Horner’s Syndrome n Blood pressure and postural hypotension n Autonomic dysreflexia n Obesity (some types) n Bladder control n Sexual functions & dysfunctions n Complex regional pain syndrome

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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