Week 10

Question 1

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves

Answer 1

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 2

Which cranial nerve is the longest nerve in the body?
A. Trochelar
B. Abducens
C. Facial
D. Vagus

Answer 2

D. Vagus

Question 3

What is the cranial nerve 1 and what does it do?

Answer 3

Olfactory Nerve
Sense of smell is dependent on this nerve function.

Question 4

What is the cranial nerve 2 and what does it do?

Answer 4

Optic Nerve
Controls vision

Question 5

What are the cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6 and what do they do?

Answer 5

CN3 Oculomotor
CN4 Trochlear
CN6 Abducens
All primarily control motor function

Question 6

What is the cranial nerve 5 and what does it do?

Answer 6

Trigeminal
Mix of sensory and motor fibers
Sensory from the face and motor to muscles of mastication

Question 7

What is the cranial nerve 7 and what does it do?

Answer 7

Facial
Mix of sensory and motor fibers
Motor to muscles of facial expression and taste from anterior tongue

Question 8

What is the cranial nerve 8 and what does it do?

Answer 8

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory for head position and head rotation, hearing

Question 9

What is the cranial nerve 9 and what does it do?

Answer 9

Glossopharyngeal
Mix of both sensory and motor fibers
Somatosensory from posterior tongue and pharynx; taste from the posterior tongue

Question 10

What is the cranial nerve 10 and what does it do?

Answer 10

Vagus
Motor and sensory to the parynx and larynx
Can also decrease HR, constrict the bronchi, affect speech production , and increase digestive activity

Runs from the brainstem to the colon

Question 11

What is the cranial nerve 11 and what does it do?

Answer 11

Accessory
Motor to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 12

What is the cranial nerve 12 and what does it do?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal
Motor to muscles of the tongue

Question 13

Describe a CN1 deficit

Answer 13

Inability to smell

CN1 Olfactory Nerve

Question 14

Describe a CN2 deficit

Answer 14

Vision may be partiall or completely lost

CN2 Optic Nerve

Question 15

Describe a CN3, 4, and 6 deficit

Answer 15

Nystagmus: an involuntary rhythmic side-to-side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes

CN3 Oculomotor Nerve CN4 Trochlear Nerve CN6 Abducens Nerve

Question 16

Describe a CN5 deficit

Answer 16

*Complete severance of any branch of the trigeminal nerve results in anesthesia of the area supplied by the ophthalmic, maxillary, or mandibular branch

*Trigeminal neuralgia: Dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve that produces severe, sharp, stabbing pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve

*In most cases, pressure of a blood vessel on the nerve causes local demyelination and ectopic foci that sensitize the trigeminal nerve root and the trigeminal nerve nucleus.

CN5 Trigeminal Nerve

Question 17

Describe a CN7 deficit

Answer 17

Paralysis or paresis of the ipsilateral muscles f facial expression
Bell’s Palsy; May be due to a viral infection, decreased control of 1 side of the face, loss of forehead and brow movements, inability to close eye and drooping of eyelids, drooping of lower lip

CN7 Facial Nerve

Question 18

Describe a CN8 deficit

Answer 18

Tinnitus; form of infrequent, mild, and high-pitched “ringing” that lasts for seconds to minutes is normal, particularly in quiet environments

CN8 Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Question 19

Describe a CN9 deficit

Answer 19

Interruption of the afferent limb of both the gag reflex and the swalowing reflex
Salivation is also decreased

Question 20

Describe a CN10 deficit

Answer 20

-Difficulty speaking and swallowing, poor digestion, asymmetrical elevation of the palate, and hoarseness
Vasovagal Syncope- when the vagus nerve stimulates certain muscles in the heart that help to slow HR. When it overreacts, it can cause a sudden drop in HR and BP, resultingin fainting

CN10 Vagus Nerve

Question 21

Describe a CN11 deficit

Answer 21

Paralyzes the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Results in shoulder pain, “winging” of the shoulderblades and weakness of the trapezius muscle
Paresis and muscles become hypertonic

CN11 Accessory Nerve

Question 22

Describe a CN12 deficit

Answer 22

Atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue
When a person with this lesion is asked to stick out the tongue, the tongue protrudes ipsilaterally rather than in the midline
Difficulty with speaking and swallowing
Dysphagia and dysarthria

CN12 Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 23

True/False
Dsyphagia is difficulty with swallowing.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the name of poor control of the speech muscles?
A. Dysphagia
B. Dysarteria
C. Dyspagea
D. Dysarthria

Answer 24

D. Dysarthria

Question 25

**What does the medulla do?**

Answer 25

Contributes to: Controlling eye and head movements coordinating swallowing helping regulate cardiovascular, respiratory, and visceral activity ## Footnote Contains the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers impacting on the autonomic functions of breathing, HR and BP and the sleep/wake cycle

Question 26

**What does the pons do?**

Answer 26

Processes motor information from the cerebral cortex and fwd the information to the cerebellum Controls contraction of muscles involved in: processing sensation from face (CN5) lateral movement of the eye (CN6) chewing (CN5) Mid raphe nucei modulate pain and control arousal

Question 27

**What does the midbrain do?**

Answer 27

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation

Question 28

**What are the regions of the midbrain?**

Answer 28

Basis pedunculi Tegmentum Tectum

Question 29

**What is reticular formation?**

Answer 29

A complex neural network that includes the reticular nuclei, their connections, and ascending and descending reticular pathways Integrates sensory and cortical information

Question 30

**What are the 4D's of brainstem dysfunction?**

Answer 30

**Dysphagia**: Difficulty in swallowing **Dysarthria**: Difficulty in speaking **Diplopia**: Double vision **Dysmetria**: Inability to control the distance of movements

Question 31

**Locked-In Syndrome**

Answer 31

-Individual is aware of environment and conscious -Lost the ability to speak and control muscles other than eyeball movement -Can move eyes vertically and blink voluntarily -Due to infarction or hemmorrhage in the ventral pons

Question 32

**Reticular Activating System** | Subsystem of the reticular formation

Answer 32

■Consciousness: Awareness of self and surroundings ■Consciousness system: Governs alertness, sleep, and attention ■Brainstem components: Reticular formation and ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) ■Filters information so individuals can focus on important input. ■Arouses the body and prepares it for activity.